（3年高考2年模拟）2016届高三英语二轮突破 阅读理解特训11（含解析）

　　《阅读理解特训：3真2模含解析》2016届高三英语二轮突破11

　　C6 [2016·重庆卷]

　　C

　　Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for.We do know，however，that they existed over 5，500 years ago in ancient Asia.

　　The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia.It is over 5，100 years old.Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didn't become popular for a while, though.This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around.

　　But it could also be because of a difficult situation.While wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces, roads with smooth surfaces weren't going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them.Eventually，road surfaces did become smoother, but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later.There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design.

　　In the mid－1700s，a Frenchman came up with a new design of road—a base layer (层)of large stones covered with

　　a thin layer of smaller stones.A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong，lasting road surface became a reality.At around the same time，metal hubs(the central part of a wheel) came into being，followed by the pneumatic tyre(充气轮胎) in 1846. Alloy wheels were invented in 1967, sixty years after the appearance of tarmacked roads(柏油路)．As wheel design took off, vehicles got faster and faster.

　　64．What might explain why transport wheels didn't become popular for some time?

　　A．Few knew how to use transport wheels.

　　B．Humans carried farming tools just as well.

　　C．Animals were a good means of transport.

　　D．The existence of transport wheels was not known.

　　65．What do we know about road design from the passage?

　　A．It was easier than wheel design.

　　B．It improved after big changes in vehicle design.

　　C．It was promoted by fast－moving vehicles.

　　D．It provided conditions for wheel design to develop.

　　66．How is the last paragraph mainly developed?

　　A．By giving examples.

　　B．By making comparisons.

　　C．By following time order.

　　D．By making classifications.

　　67．What is the passage mainly about?

　　A．The beginning of road design.

　　B．The development of transport wheels.

　　C．The history of public transport.

　　D．The invention of fast－moving vehicles.

　　【要点综述】 本文介绍轮子的演进历史。

　　64．C　细节理解题。第二段最后一句说明wheels长期未能流行的缘由：动物长期以来充当交通工具。

　　65．D　推理判断题。短文最后一段说明路况的改良促进了车轮业的巨大发展。

　　66．C　篇章结构题。该段看似举例，但这些例子均是按时间由远及近而叙述的。

　　67．B　主旨大意题。该文主要介绍wheels由一般的发明物到广泛运用于交通的历史演进过程。

　　C6 [2016·重庆卷]

　　D

　　Not all bodies of water are so evidently alive as the Atlantic Ocean, an S－shaped body of water covering 33 million square miles.The Atlantic has, in a sense, replaced the Mediterranean as the inland sea of Western civilization.Unlike real inland seas, which seem strangely still, the Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness.It is perhaps not surprising that its vitality has been much written about by ancient poets.

　　“Storm at Sea”， a short poem written around 700, is generally regarded as one of mankind's earliest artistic representations of the Atlantic.

　　When the wind is from the west

　　All the waves that cannot rest

　　　To the east must thunder on

　　　Where the bright tree of the sun

　　Is rooted in the ocean's breast.

　　As the poem suggests, the Atlantic is never dead and dull.It is an ocean that moves, impressively and endlessly.It makes all kinds of noise—it is forever thundering，boiling, crashing，and whistling.

　　It is easy to imagine the Atlantic trying to draw breath—perhaps not so noticeably out in mid－ocean，but where it meets land, its waters bathing up and down a sandy beach.It mimics(模仿)nearly perfectly the steady breathing of a living creature.It is filled with symbiotic existences，too; unimaginable quantities of creatures，little and large alike，mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony, giving to the waters a feeling of heartbeat, a kind of sub－ocean vitality.And it has a psychology.It has personalities: sometimes peaceful and pleasant, on rare occasions rough and wild; always it is strong and striking.

　　68．Unlike real inland seas, the Atlantic Ocean is ________．

　　A．always energetic

　　B．lacking in liveliness

　　C．shaped like a square

　　D．favored by ancient poets

　　69．What is the purpose of using the poem “Storm at Sea” in the passage?

　　A．To describe the movement of the waves.

　　B．To show the strength of the storm.

　　C．To represent the power of the ocean.

　　D．To prove the vastness of the sea.

　　70．What does the underlined word “symbiotic” mean?

　　A．Living together.

　　B．Growing fast.

　　C．Moving harmoniously.

　　D．Breathing peacefully.

　　71．In the last paragraph, the Atlantic is compared to ________．

　　A．a beautiful and poetic place

　　B．a flesh and blood person

　　C．a wonderful world

　　D．a lovely animal

　　【要点综述】 该文既是对地理知识的陈列，也是对文学作品的铺陈。大西洋的壮美和静态的内海迥然不同，大西洋好比是一个富有生命力且有血有肉的人。

　　68．A 　细节理解和逻辑推理题。inland seas比较平静，而大西洋充满生命律动的浩瀚与同为西方文化摇篮的地中海形成鲜明的对比。

　　69．C　写作方法题。该诗句描写大西洋的壮美：当西风信然而至时，大西洋的波浪开始涌动，以雷霆万钧之势，凸显大西洋的磅礴气势。

　　70．A　词义推断题。作者先把大西洋比作生命的律动，然后又把她的其他禀赋铺陈于后，因此该词此处应该指“共生共存”。

　　71．B　写作方法题。该文通过诗词和拟人化的描写把大西洋比作有血有肉的人。

　　C7 [2016·重庆卷]

　　E

　　It is widely known that any English conversation begins with The Weather.Such a fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr.Johnson's famous comment that “When two English meet, their first talk is of weather.” Though Johnson's observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago, most commentators fail to come up with a convincing explanation for this English weather－speak.

　　Bill Bryson, for example, concludes that，as the English weather is not at all exciting，the obsession with it can hardly be understood.He argues that “To an outsider，the most striking thing about the English weather is that there is not very much of it.” Simply, the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the British Isles.

　　Jeremy Paxman, however, disagrees with Bryson, arguing that the English weather is by nature attractive.Bryson is wrong, he says，because the English preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena. “The interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.” According to him, the weather in England is very changeable and uncertain and it attracts the English as well as the outsider.

　　Bryson and Paxman stand for common misconceptions about the weather－speak among the English.Both commentators, somehow, are missing the point.The English weather conversation is not really about the weather at all.English weather－speak is a system of signs，which is developed to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each other.Everyone knows conversations starting with weather－speak are not requests for weather data.Rather, they are routine greetings，conversation starters or the blank “fillers”. In other words, English weather－speak is a means of social bonding.

　　72．The author mentions Dr.Johnson's comment to show that ________．

　　A．most commentators agree with Dr.Johnson

　　B．Dr.Johnson is famous for his weather observation

　　C．the comment was accurate two hundred years ago

　　D．English conversations usually start with the weather

　　73．What does the underlined word “obsession” most probably refer to?

　　A．A social trend.

　　B．An emotional state.

　　C．A historical concept.

　　D．An unknown phenomenon.

　　74．According to the passage，Jeremy Paxman believes that ________．

　　A．Bill Bryson has little knowledge of the weather

　　B．there is nothing special about the English weather

　　C．the English weather attracts people to the British Isles

　　D．English people talk about the weather for its uncertainty

　　75．What is the author's main purpose of writing the passage?

　　A．To explain what English weather－speak is about.

　　B．To analyse misconceptions about the English weather.

　　C．To find fault with both Bill Bryson and Jeremy Paxman.

　　D．To convince people that the English weather is changeable.

　　【要点综述】 本文通过对Bill Bryson和Jeremy Paxman两人迥然不同的观点的陈述来阐明作者对英国人以天气为寒暄内容的见解。

　　72．D　逻辑推断题。通过引用名人名言来说明英国人以天气为寒暄内容的现象很普遍。

　　73．B 　词义推断题。Bill Bryson认为英国天气单一(there is not very much of it)不足以引起人们的情感响应，因此该词此处指的是 “情感状态”。

　　74．D　细节理解题。倒数第二段中有“The interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.”(意思是：人们对英国气候的关注点不是气候本身，而是气候的不确定性。)由此可知答案。

　　75．A　写作目的题。通过对Bill Bryson和Jeremy Paxman两人迥然不同的观点的陈述来阐明作者对英国人以天气为寒暄内容的见解。

　　C7 [2016·安徽卷]

　　A

　　The Healthy Habits Survey(调查)shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.

　　1.How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?

　　·Finding：A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.

　　·Step：Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery－operated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.

　　2．How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?

　　·Finding：Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day—half of the number doctors recommend.

　　·Step：We touch our faces around 3，000 times a day—often inviting germs(病菌)to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes.Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.

　　3．How often do you think about fighting germs?

　　·Finding：Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.

　　·Step：Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海绵)that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.

　　56.What is found out about American seniors?

　　A．Most of them have good habits.

　　B．Nearly 30% of them bathe three days a week.

　　C．All of them are fighting germs better than expected.

　　D．About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day.

　　57．Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands ________．

　　A．twice a day

　　B．three times a day

　　C．four times a day

　　D．eight

　　times

　　a day

　　58．Which of the following is true according to the text?

　　A．We

　　should

　　keep from touching our faces.

　　B．There are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth.

　　C．A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than

　　a toilet.

　　D．We should wash our hands before touching a door handle.

　　59．The text probably comes from

　　________．

　　A．a guide book

　　B．a popular magazine

　　C．a book review

　　D．an official document

　　【要点综述】 这是一份调查报告，是针对美国老年人的健康习惯所做的调查。

　　56．D　细节理解题。根据第一项调查中“A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.”可知，大约有三分之一的美国老年人一天只刷一次牙。

　　57．D　细节理解题。根据第二项调查中“…4 times a day—half of the number doctors recommend”可知，四次是医生建议次数的一半，也就是说，医生建议老年人每天洗八次手，故选D。

　　58．C　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二句“Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge that can carry more germs than anything else？”可知，厨房里的海绵比卫生间带有的细菌还要多。

　　59．B　推理判断题。由文章内容可知，这是一份调查报告，是针对美国老年人的健康习惯所做的调查。这样的文章理应不会出现在“旅游指南”“书评”“官方文件”里，故排除A、C、D。流行杂志做这样的调查报告很常见，故选B。