2016届高考英语一轮复习 Unit2《English around the World》阅读理解全方位训练4 新人教版必修1

　　2016届高考英语一轮复习全方位配套训练人教版必修一Unit 2 English around the World阅读理解4

　　第Ⅳ组

　　A

　　English Teaching in the U.S.A.

　　The United States of America is mainly an English-speaking country.The majority of the population speak English as their native language.Business，education，social activities，etc.are conducted in English.Across the country，people pronounce many English words in several different ways，but for the most part，Americans speak one common language.This language is sometimes called American English.

　　However，not everyone in the U.S.A.is a native speaker of English.Most immigrants are speakers of other languages.There are hundreds of communities around the U.S.A.where English is not the most commonly used language.Chinese，Italian，German，Greek，Spanish，and French are all spoken in various communities in the U.S.Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language after English.It is widely spoken in New York and across the southern part of the country.For speakers of other languages，learning English is important，but teaching people to speak English as a second language was given little attention.Non-English speakers were expected to “pick up” the language by meeting with others in public.Recently，this has changed.

　　Today，most large public schools and community colleges have ESL（English as a Second Language） programs：American English teachers feel that English students should learn the language the way they will use it.Therefore，ESL programs offer different English lessons to different students.Some programs teach students to communicate in English in public.Other programs teach the kind of English people will need for their jobs.American ESL instructional methods do not lay emphasis on grammar or translation，but on the importance of communication.The goal is to get the English learners to learn by using the language.

　　1.People in the United States

　　A.are all native speakers of English

　　B.speak English in various ways

　　C.all speak American English

　　D.are immigrants from English-speaking countries

　　2.In the past the non-English immigrants

　　A.didn抰 know how to learn Englishi

　　B.found that English was not important

　　C.learned English through books

　　D.paid special attention to teaching English

　　3.

　　is the most widely used language except English in the U.S.

　　A.ESL B.French C.Spanish D.Chinese

　　4.The phrase 損ick up?in the second paragraph means ?

　　?n th

　　A.try to master

　　B.repeat again and again

　　C.go to school sometimes D.learn without studying or taking lessons

　　5.ESL programs teach the students

　　A.only grammatical rules and idioms

　　B.to use English through practice

　　C.different languages

　　D.to learn English by translating their own native languages into English

　　【语篇解读】本文是说明文。全文说明了美国的英语教育，尤其是在移民背景下的ESL教学培训。

　　1.B

　　细节理解题。由第一段的Across the country，people pronounce many English words in several different ways，but for the most part，Americans speak one common language.可知，他们说英语的方式不同。

　　2.A

　　推理判断题。由第二段的Non-English speakers were expected to “pick up” the language by meeting with others in public.可以推断出，他们还没有找到合适的学习英语的方法。

　　3.C

　　细节理解题。由Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language after English.我们可以得出答案。

　　4.D

　　词义猜测题。由后面的by meeting with others in public我们可以知道，pick up在这里指“不经过课程学习”。

　　5.B

　　细节理解题。由最后一段的American English teachers feel that English students should learn the language the way they will use it.可知，他们通过实践学习英语。

　　B

　　Today，we complete our story about the influential English writer William Shakespeare.He wrote plays and poems during the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries，which remain very popular today.

　　During earlier times，people would probably have learned several ancient Roman and Greek plays.It was not unusual for writers to produce more current versions of these works.For example，in Shakespeare’s play The Comedy of Errors Shakespeare borrowed certain details from the ancient Roman writer Plautus.For his play Macbeth，Shakespeare most likely used a work on Scottish history by Raphael Holinshed for information.Shakespeare might have borrowed from other writers，but the intensity(强度) of his imagination and language made the plays his own.While many plays by other writers of his time have been forgotten，Shakespeare and his art live on.

　　Shakespeare was also influenced by the world around him.He described the sights and sounds of London in his plays.His works include observations about political struggles，the fear of diseases，and the popular language of the city’s tradesmen.Shakespeare’s knowledge of the English countryside is also clear.His works include descriptions of deep forests，local flowers and the ancient popular traditions of rural people.

　　It would be impossible to list all of the ways in which Shakespeare’s works have influenced the world culture.But the first and greatest example would be his great influence on the English language.During his time，the English language was changing.Many new words from other languages were being added.Shakespeare used his sharp mind and poetic inventiveness to create hundreds of new words and rework old ones.For example，he created the noun forms of “critic”， “mountaineer” and “eyeball”.Many common expressions in English come from his plays，including “pomp and circumstance (装腔作势)” from Othello，“full circle (绕圈子)” from King Lear，etc.The list of cultural creations influenced by Shakespeare is almost endless.From paintings to television to music and dance，Shakespeare was well represented.Shakespeare’s plays have been translated into every major language in the world.

　　Shakespeare became a well-known writer during a golden age of theater.His years of hard work paid off.

　　6.What can we infer from the passage?

　　A.Many of Shakespeare抯 works were influenced by earlier writings.a

　　B.Shakespeare was hard-working when he was a student.

　　C.The experience of living in London helped a lot with Shakespeare抯 works.y

　　D.Shakespeare became rich later because of the popularity of his works.

　　7.Shakespeare might have learnt some information from ancient Roman works in

　　A.King Lear

　　B.The Comedy of Errors

　　C.Macbeth

　　D.Othello

　　8.Why could Shakespeare抯 works survive his time?

　　A.Because there were so few people writing plays in his time.

　　B.Because he produced too many works that nobody else could do.

　　C.Because he was a rich and influential person of his time.

　　D.Because his works were rich in imagination and language.

　　9.Shakespeare抯 greatest influence should be on

　　A.the English language B.paintings

　　C.television

　　D.music and dance

　　10.The passage is mainly about

　　A.an introduction to Shakespeare’s life and his works

　　B.the main features and styles of Shakespeare’s plays

　　C.how culture influenced Shakespeare and he influenced culture

　　D.Shakespeare’s greatest influence on the world culture

　　【语篇解读】文章向我们介绍了一代文豪莎士比亚的作品为什么能够从古代众多的作家的作品中脱颖而出，以其顽强的生命力留存于世，这主要是由于它能够继承古代优秀作品之长，并具有自己的特色。

　　6.A

　　细节理解题。由第二段的“...Shakespeare borrowed certain details from the ancient Roman writer Plautus.For his play Macbeth，Shakespeare most likely used a work on Scottish history by Raphael Holinshed for information.Shakespeare might have borrowed from other writers...”可以看出，莎士比亚的作品受到了早期作品的影响。

　　7.B

　　细节理解题。由第二段的“...in Shakespeare’s play The Comedy of Errors Shakespeare borrowed certain details from the ancient Roman writer Plautus.”可知答案。

　　8.D

　　细节理解题。由第二段最后两句“...but the intensity of his imagination and language made the plays his own.While many plays by other writers of his time have been forgotten，Shakespeare and his art live on.”可知，正是他的语言和想象力的强度使得作品独具特色，具有了极强的生命力，留存到了现在。

　　9.A

　　细节理解题。由倒数第二段的“But the first and greatest example would be his great influence on the English language.”可以看出，莎士比亚对后世最大的影响在于英语语言上。

　　10.C

　　主旨大意题。纵观全文可以看出，文章向我们介绍了古代文化对莎士比亚作品的影响，以及其作品对后世尤其是对英语语言的影响。

　　C

　　This dictionary tells you about English words and how to use them in reading，writing and speaking English.It not only gives the meaning of words，but also helps you with spelling，word building，grammar and pronunciation.

　　To use your dictionary correctly，you need to understand how the dictionary works.At the front of the book，you will find some exercises to help you make the best use of your dictionary.

　　If you look up the word “colour”， you will find two spellings for this word.“Colour” is used in British English，while “color” is used in American English.When there are differences between British spelling and American spelling，the dictionary shows them with the word “BrE” for British English and “AmE” for American English.

　　The dictionary also helps you pronounce words correctly.We used a special alphabet (特殊字母表) to show pronunciation.If you turn to the inside back face，you will see all the phonetic letters(音标) with some words to show you how they are pronounced.Just look at the inside back cover when you’re not sure how to pronounce a word.The most important reason for using a dictionary is to find out the meaning of a word—its definition.

　　In this dictionary，the definitions have been written using only 2,000 words.This means that the definitions of even the most difficult words are simply explained and easy to understand.

　　When a word has more than one meaning，read all the meanings until you find the one that correctly tells the use of the word you are looking for.

　　Most of the words in this dictionary can be used by people in all parts of the world.

　　11.This dictionary cannot help you with

　　A.singing B.grammar C.spelling D.pronunciation

　　12.

　　of the words in the dictionary have two spellings.

　　A.All B.One C.Few D.Some

　　13.The phonetic alphabet helps you

　　each word correctly.

　　A.understand B.write C.read D.know

　　14.The Chinese meaning of “definition” here is

　　A.词性 B.词条 C.词义 D.词库

　　15.The dictionary explains

　　A.some of the difficult words B.all the words in a simple way

　　C.all the easy words D.the words of two meanings

　　【语篇解读】本篇短文是一本英文词典的“序言”，介绍了这本词典的用途和使用方法。

　　11.A

　　细节理解题。通过短文第一段的第一个句子可以发现词典不会教你唱歌。

　　12.D

　　推理判断题。仔细推敲第二、三段文字，通过理解段意和推敲四个选项确定。all和one都是“走极端”，不对；few意为“几乎没有”，不符合文意，只有D项Some正确。

　　13.C

　　细节理解题。通过文中“We use a special alphabet to show pronunciation.”一句可判断。关键词是pronunciation(发音)，清楚这个词的意思，我们无疑会选择C项。

　　14.C

　　词义猜测题。重点参考第四、五段。实际上，第四段中用破折号的形式对这个单词作了解释“...to find out the meaning of a word—its definition.”。meaning of a word意为“词义”，故选C。

　　15.B

　　根据倒数第三段的“This means that the definitions of even the most difficult words are simply explained and easy to understand.”可看出，选B最恰当。

　　D

　　Some people say global English is no longer just controlled by British or American English，but is running free and developing uniquely local forms.Can you figure out the following terms?

　　“I like your smile，but unlike you put your shoes on my face.” This is a way of saying “Keep off the grass.” Or “people mountain，people sea”， which means “very crowded”.

　　These examples are what we call Chinglish.When it comes to Chinglish，if all you know is “good good study，day day up，” you will be considered “out man”.

　　Nowadays，more Chinglish words have been created，for example，a Chinese idiom is translated as “smilence”， a combination by the English word smile and silence.

　　Chinglish usually offers a humorous look at misuses of the English language in Chinese street signs，products，and advertising.They are favored by some English speaking tourists and visitors.Dominic Swire has been living in Beijing for a couple of years.“I think many Chinese people complain about the Chinglish and badly translated English.But you know，sometimes for us foreigners，it’s actually quite charming to see them.I think if the translations of English in China were all perfect，then something would be lost from Chinese culture.”

　　However，Chinglish will probably become a “cultural relic” in the near future.Beijing has made a comprehensive plan to improve foreign language services and correct Chinglish within five years.“It is very ridiculous to see Chinglish on the signs in some scenic spots.And they are a kind of barrer for communication between Chinese and people from other countries，” a Beijinger said.

　　Some Chinese university experts side with Chinglish.They argue that English has absorbed elements from other languages such as French and Spanish in its growth，and now it’s

　　Chinese’s turn.

　　16.What can we call Chinglish?

　　A.English words which get new Chinese meanings.

　　B.The Chinese words which are difficult to translate.

　　C. The words combining English vocabulary and Chinese grammar.

　　D.The local words preventing foreigners to learn Chinese well.

　　17.What does “smilence” most probably mean?

　　A.Saying nothing but to smile. B.Smiling without being noticed.

　　C.Laughing at somebody. D.Knowing little about speech.

　　18.Who will be called “out man” according to the passage?

　　A.A person who knows little about Chinglish words.

　　B.A student who hates learning foreign languages.

　　C.A tourist who fails to understand local translations.

　　D.An expert who doesn’t support Chinglish at all.

　　19.What is the Swire’s attitude to Chinglish?

　　A.It can show the humour of Chinese.

　　B.It will attract more foreign tourists.

　　C.It helps him to learn Chinese well.

　　D.It seems part of Chinese culture.

　　20.Chinglish is likely to become a “cultural relic” in Beijing because

　　.

　　A.it has become a unique bridge between Chinese and English

　　B.Chinglish is a chance to enrich Chinese and English

　　C.it improves the understanding between

　　Chinese and foreigners

　　D.Beijing is determined to get rid of Chinglish signs

　　【语篇解读】如今，世界英语不只受美式英语和英式英语的影响，英语词汇和汉语语法的结合出现了越来越多的“中国式英语”。

　　16.C

　　推理判断题。根据第二、三、四段所举的例子可以判断中国式英语是由英语词汇按照汉语语法形成的英语。

　　17.A

　　细节理解题。根据第四段结尾“...a combination by the English word smile and silence.”可知答案为A。

　　18.A

　　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，如今中国式英语很普遍，不知道反而落伍了。

　　19.D

　　细节理解题。根据第五段中Swire说的内容可知，他认为中国式英语是中国文化的一部分。

　　20.D

　　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Beijing has made a comprehensive plan to improve foreign language services and correct Chinglish within five years.”可知答案为D。