2014届高考英语一轮复习全方位配套训练人教版必修一Unit 4 Earthquakes阅读理解1
第Ⅰ组
A
Everyone has heard of the San Andreas fault （断层），which constantly threatens California and the West Coast with earthquakes.But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri?
Between December of 1811 and February of 1812，three major earthquakes occurred，all centered around the town of New Madrid，Missouri，on the Mississippi River.Property damage was severe.Buildings in the area were almost destroyed.Whole forests fell at once，and huge cracks opened in the ground，releasing some strong smell chemicals.
The Mississippi River itself completely changed character，developing sudden rapids and whirlpools（激流和漩涡）.Several times it changed its course，and once，according to some observers，it actually appeared to run backwards.Few people were killed in the New Madrid earthquakes，probably simply because few people lived in the area in 1811；but the severity of the earthquakes was shown by the fact that the shock waves rang bells in church towers in Charleston，South Carolina，on the coast.Buildings shook in New York City，and clocks were stopped in Washington，D.C.
Scientists now know that America’s two major faults are essentially different.The San Andreas is a horizontal （水平的） boundary between two major land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions.California earthquakes result when the two masses make a sudden move.
The New Madrid fault，on the other hand，is a vertical fault；at some point，possibly hundreds of millions of years ago，rock was pushed up toward the surface，probably by volcanoes under the surface.Suddenly，the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed，leaving huge cracks.Even now，the rock continues to settle downwards，and sudden sinking motions cause earthquakes in the region.The fault itself，a large crack in this layer of rock，with dozens of other cracks that split off from it，extends from northeast Arkansas through Missouri and into southern Illinois.
Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller quakes in the area since 1811；these smaller quakes indicate that larger ones are probably coming，but the scientists say they have no method of predicting when a large earthquake will occur.
1.This passage is mainly about
.
A.the New Madrid fault B.the San Andreas
C.the causes of faults D.current scientific knowledge about faults
2.Which of the following pictures best describes the type of the New Madrid fault?
3.This passage implies that
.
A.horizontal faults are more dangerous than vertical faults
B.vertical faults are more dangerous than horizontal faults
C.a lot of people would die if the 1811 New Madrid earthquakes happened today
D.the volcanoes that caused the New Madrid fault are still alive
【语篇解读】本文通过历史回顾和科学分析，提醒人们多关注New Madrid地区频繁的地震。
1.A
主旨大意题。由本文第一段的最后一句话“But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri？”可知。
2.B
细节理解题。由本文第四段和第五段内容可以判断The San Andreas fault是水平地震，而The New Madrid fault是垂直地震，所以B项正确。
3.C
推理判断题。本文无A、B两项相关内容；根据第五段中第二句“Suddenly，the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed，leaving huge cracks.Even now，the rock continues to settle downwards...”可以排除D项；根据第三段第三句“Few people were killed in the New Madrid earthquakes，probably simply because few people lived in the area in 1811...”可以推测答案为C。
B
A powerful earthquake struck the northeastern coast of Japan at 2：46 p.m.local time on March 11th，2011.Japan’s Meteorological Agency released its first tsunami warnings just three minutes later.The country has one of the best earthquake early warning systems in the world.
There are over 4，000 Seismic Intensity Meters （地震烈度测量仪） in place throughout Japan to measure earthquake activity.These meters provide information within two minutes of an earthquake happening.Information about the strength and the center of the earthquake can be learned within three minutes.There are also concrete sea walls around much of the Japanese coastline.But these measures proved no match for the powerful earthquake and tsunami.
Castas Synolakis is a tsunami expert in Los Angeles.He says，“Japan is one of those most well-prepared countries on earth in terms of tsunami warning.They had a warning.I think what went wrong is that they had not anticipated the size of this event.”
He says there are two reasons for this.Japan has not had any event anywhere near as big as this one in the last 150 years.And scientists had not expected such a large earthquake happening off the coast of Japan.
The 9.0-magnitude earthquake was the 4th most powerful earthquake ever recorded worldwide.It was also the worst earthquake ever to hit Japan.The tsunami waves that followed were reported to have reached as high as 13 meters in some areas.
Costas Synolakis says Japan抯 concrete sea walls were not built to handle such high wavies.A tsunami wave can travel as fast as 800 kilometers per hour.To get to higher ground people would often have to travel for many kilometers.This can take more time than a fast traveling tsunami will permit.This is especially true in cases like Japan，where the center of the earthquake struck so close to the coastline.The tsunami waves followed almost immediately.
Experts say early warning systems will continue to be limited by these facts until earthquakes and tsunamis can be predicted.
4.From the second paragraph we can infer that
.
A.Japan is an island country
B.the center of the earthquake is located in the northeastern coast
C.the meters in Japan have dropped behind
D.many measures have been carried out to reduce the consequences of earthquakes in Japan
5.The underlined word 揳nticipated?in the third paragraph probably means?
?in J
A.predicted
B.measured
C.counted
D.prevented
6.The underlined words 搕hese facts?in the last paragraph refer to the following EXCEPT
.an
A.the concrete sea walls can抰 control the wave
B.it is the worst earthquake happening in Japan in the history
C.the speed of the tsunami is frightening and quick
D.there are many earthquakes in Japan
7.Which may be the best title of this passage?
A.Earthquakes and tsunamis can be predicted
B.A 9.0-magnitude earthquake hit Japan
C.Japan’s concrete sea walls
D.A report about Japan’s early warning systems
8.On which column of China Daily can you find the passage?
A.Technology.
B.Culture discovery.
C.Travel.
D.History.
【语篇解读】本文是科技文。日本的地震预警系统位居世界前列，能在地震发生后的两分钟内提供信息。三分钟内能够提供有关地震强度和震中的信息。在海啸预警方面，日本是世界上准备工作做得最充分的国家之一，但他们没有预测出这次海啸的规模如此之大。
4.D
推理判断题。A项说法正确，但不是本段的推理；B项不是由第二段推理得出的，是第一段中明示的信息。根据“These meters provide information within two minutes of an earthquake happening.Information about the strength and the center of the earthquake can be learned within three minutes.”判断，C项推理错误。D项根据所列事实可以推断得出。
5.A
猜测词义题。根据第四段和第五段信息可知，日本的海啸预警系统是世界上最好的之一，此次失误在于没有预料到海啸的规模如此大。
6.D
细节认定题。根据文章倒数第二段、倒数第三段内容可知答案为D。
7.D
主旨大意题。根据全文内容判断，文章介绍日本拥有世界上最先进的地震、海啸预警系统，但没有预料到这次大地震和海啸如此之猛。
8.A
推理判断题。本文主要介绍的是日本的地震、海啸预警系统的先进性和局限性。
C
The mom had died when the rescuers found her after the terrible earthquake.She was covered by a destroyed house.Through gaps （缝隙） of those ruins，the rescuers could see her last posture （姿势）.It was something like an ancient person who was kowtowing （叩头），but it just looked strange because she was out of shape by pressure.
The rescuers confirmed her death by touching her through the gaps of the ruins.They shouted at the ruins again and again，knocked the bricks using various tools，but no reply inside.
Then the rescuing team went to the next building.Suddenly the leader ran back，calling,“Come here.” He came to the body，put his hands under the woman，feeling and touching，then shouted loudly and gladly，“There is someone，a baby，still living.”
Through some efforts，rescuers cleaned up the ruins which blocked her.Under her body lay her baby，who was covered by a small red quilt （棉被）.He was about 3 or 4 months’ old.Since well protected by his mother’s body，he was safe.He was in a deep sleep when the rescuer carried him out，and his lovely and peaceful face warmed everyone around him.The doctor，along with the rescuing team，took the baby out of the quilt to check if the baby was all right，and he found there was a mobile phone in the quilt.The doctor looked at the screen；a written message was already there：“My dear baby，if you could live，don’t forget how much I love you.” As a doctor，he experienced much of this type of separation；but at this moment，he cried.The mobile phone was passed，and every person who saw this message shed （流出） tears.
9.When the rescuers found the mom，she
A.was using her mobile phone to ask for help
B.begged the rescuers to save her baby first
C.was struggling with the pressure
D.didn’t have the normal shape
10.When the baby was rescued，he
A.was smiling a lot
B.was fast asleep
C.was listening carefully D.was frightened to death
11.After seeing the words on the mobile phone，people was
A.pleased
B.excited C.moved
D.tired
12.The passage is mainly about
A.a story of saving a mother and her baby
B.the disaster of a terrible earthquake
C.the rescuers’ hard work after an earthquake
D.the great love of a mother in the earthquake
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了地震中，一位母亲为了救自己的孩子，让自己的身躯承受倒塌的重量，从而为孩子形成了一个庇护所，同时还在手机上给孩子留言。这些都反映了母爱的伟大。
9.D
细节理解题。从第一段中的“just looked strange because she was out of shape by pressure”可知，这位母亲已经被倒塌的房子压得变了形。故答案选D项。
10.B
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“He was in a deep sleep...”可知，这个婴儿在熟睡。故答案选B项。
11.C
推理判断题。人们看到母亲为了救自己的孩子而牺牲自己，并在手机上留言“孩子，将来如果你还活着，不要忘了我是多么爱你”。此情此景，人们无不为伟大的母爱而感动。
12.D
主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一次地震中，母亲为了救自己的孩子，让自己的身躯承受倒塌的重量，从而为孩子形成了一个庇护所，同时还在手机上给孩子留言。这些都反映了母爱的伟大。故答案选D项。
D
Wong Fuk-wing，a Hong Kong volunteer （志愿者） at an orphanage （孤儿院） in Yushu，was killed in the earthquake when he was trying to save others on April 14，2010.
Wong managed to run safely out of the building with some children when the first quake happened at 7:50 a.m.on April 14，but he went back inside to rescue three other children and three teachers inside，although he knew the danger of aftershocks （余震）.
At 10 a.m.，all the children and one of the teachers were saved.However，Wong was buried under the fallen building and died.The other two teachers were still waiting to be rescued.
46-year-old Wong was a truck driver，who often said he could only give his efforts to charity（慈善） instead of money，as he did not earn a lot.His tragic（悲剧的）end touched the hearts of many people both in Hong Kong and on the mainland.
Wong began volunteering in 2002.In 2003，Wong was told by the doctor he got serious illness，which gave him a great blow.However，the illness did not deter the warm-hearted man.When the earthquake struck Wenchuan in Sichuan Province in 2008，Wong rushed to the disaster area of Shifang to offer his help though his family did not want him to go.
In fact，Qinghai is a place Wong had often visited since 2006.As a volunteer，he gave out medicine and clothing to the orphanage there.No one could expect that Wong would die helping others.
Hong Kong Chief Secretary Henry Tang Yingyen said he had “the highest respect” for the hero who gave his life for others.“What he did has shown the Hong Kong spirit.”The citizens of Hong Kong called him “the pride of Hong Kong’s people” and people on the mainland have also praised him as “a true hero”.
13.Wong died in the earthquake
.
A.after he sent medicine and clothing to the orphanage
B.when he returned to save the teachers and students
C.because he suffered from his serious illness again
D.as the first earthquake happened
14.The underlined word“deter”in Paragraph 5 refers to “ ”.
A.prevent
B.refuse C.beat
D.encourage
15.What can we know about Wong from the passage?
A.He never visited Qinghai before 2010.
B.He was supported his family being a volunteer.
C.He was thought highly of by the Chinese.
D.He was a taxi driver before he died.
16.Which of the following words can be used to describe Wong according to the passage?
A.Honest and selfsatisfactory. B.Warmhearted and selfless.
C.Proud and selfcentered. D.Capable and hardworking.
【语篇解读】本文介绍了香港义工黄福荣——阿福的故事。
13.B
细节理解题。本文第二、三段介绍了阿福震中救人牺牲的事迹，故选B。
14.A
词义猜测题。由第五段中的When the earthquake struck Wenchuan in Sichuan Province in 2008，Wong rushed to the disaster area of Shifang to offer his help...可以看出严重的疾病也未能阻止他去汶川地震灾区当一名志愿者。
15.C
细节理解题。由最后一段人们对黄福荣的评价可知香港市民和大陆同胞高度赞扬他。
16.B
推理判断题。阿福从2002年开始做义工，并不顾自己疾病援助汶川地震和玉树地震的援救工作，后在玉树地震中献出生命。从他的事迹不难看出，阿福是一个热心而无私的人。
E
I was sleeping in my room when my bed started shaking and a loud noise was heard.I woke up and my mom was screaming my name.Next moment I was running along with my younger sister，mom and dad.Before I ran out of the door，I realized my elder sister hadn’t come out yet.So I screamed her name at the top of my voice.My mom said she had gone to her class.Then the four of us，along with many others，were running on the staircase.We lived on the seventh floor，so I thought we would not be able to make it and the building would fall before we managed to reach even the fourth floor.My dad’s head was injured by something falling down.I did try to put my hand over his head.When we reached the sixth floor，the building split into two.We had no way to get down.
The next thing I remember is silence.There were around 30 people on the staircase and none could react.Five minutes later，someone opened the door of the sixthfloor flat.We all went in.We were wondering how we would get down.From the balcony of the sixthfloor flat，I saw people standing on the ground floor.All eyes were stuck on us.I could see my elder sister crying.
Our first hope of surviving came when a worker climbed a rope to where we were.That was，the first time we thought maybe we could get down.Half an hour passed and we were still trapped.Finally RSS people arrived with ropes.They got people down one by one.My biggest worry was how my dad would get down.Finally after two and a half hours，we all got down.
That day we saw the power of nature.It has taken more than two years to build the flats and it took just one and a half minutes to destroy the structure.
17.What is this passage mainly about?
A.Ways to survive an earthquake.
B.Reasons why earthquakes happen.
C.The love of parents in an earthquake.
D.The writer’s experience in an earthquake.
18.When the building split into two，the writer and his family
A.were still sleeping
B.were trapped on the sixth floor
C.were looking for a family member
D.were running from the seventh floor to the sixth floor
19.The first time the writer thought they would probably survive was when
A.he was encouraged by people on the ground floor
B.someone opened the door of the sixthfloor flat
C.a worker climbed up on a rope
D.RSS people arrived with ropes
20.The earthquake made the writer realize that
A.there is always hope for people
B.the power of nature is really great
C.natural disasters can happen any time
D.human beings are strong in natural disasters
【语篇解读】作者讲述了他在一次地震中逃生的经历。
17.D
主旨大意题。通读全文可知作者讲述了他在一次地震中的逃生经历，故选D。
18.B
细节理解题。根据第一段中的When we reached the sixth floor，the building split into two.We had no way to get down.可知应选B。
19.C
细节理解题。根据第三段的Our first hope of surviving came when a worker climbed a rope to where we were.可知应选C。
20.B
细节理解题。根据末段的That day we saw the power of nature.可知那次地震让作者认识到了自然界的力量。