2014届高考英语一轮复习全方位配套训练人教版必修一Unit 4 Earthquakes句式与语法2
1.those who... 凡是……的人
【常考用法】
those who相当于people who,意为“凡是……的人”,表示两者以上的不定数量。who在它引导的定语从句中作主语,不能省略,且谓语动词用复数,不能用that替换who。
【链接】
anybody/anyone who相当于whoever,意为“凡是……的人”,表示两者以上的不定数量。who在它引导的定语从句中作主语,谓语动词用单数。
Those who break the law will be punished.
=Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
=Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
违法的人将会受到惩罚。
【十年高考链接】
(2006·北京高考)Women
drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those
don’t.
A.who;/ B.who;/ C.who;who D./;/
答案:C
句意:那些每天喝两杯多咖啡的女人比不喝的人更有可能患心脏病。分别用who引导定语从句,修饰women和those,who在从句中作主语,不能省略。
2....was doing...when... ……正在做……这时(突然)……
【常考用法】
句子when用作并列连词,意为“这时”,不能换用while。
【句式链接】
was/were about to do...when...刚要做……这时(突然)……
was/were on the point of doing...when...刚要做……这时(突然)……
hardly had sb.done...when...某人刚刚做……这时(突然)……
She was applying herself to her work in the office when the building caught fire.
她正在办公室忙于工作这时大楼突然着火了。
We were having a meeting when someone broke in angrily.
我们正在开会这时有人怒气冲冲地闯了进来。
They were working in the fields when it began to pour.
他们正在田地里劳作这时天下起了倾盆大雨。
【十年高考链接】
(1)(2016·陕西高考) Jim
a late night film at home when,right in the middle of a thrilling scene,the television went blank.
A.watched B.had watched C.was watching D.would be watching
答案:C
句意:吉姆在家看一部午夜电影,看到中间一幕惊险的场景时,屏幕上突然出现一片空白。该句考查be doing...when...结构,意为“正在做……就在这时(突然)……”。从后面的动作went blank可知“看电影”发生在过去;并且是当吉姆正在看的时候,所以该题要用过去进行时态,即was watching。
(2)(2011·浙江高考)One Friday,we were packing to leave for a weekend away
my daughter heard cries for help.
A.after B.while
C.since D.when
答案:D
本题考查固定句式。句意:一个周五,我们正在打包裹动身去过周末,就在这时我女儿听到了呼救声。 表示“正在做……就在这时(突然)……”用be doing...when...,所以D项正确。when用作并列连词,在句中表示“就在这时(突然)……”之意,它构成的固定句式是:be doing sth./be about to do sth./had done sth.when...对于此类题,解题的关键是要理清题干或选项中出现的标志词,如本题中的were packing就是标志词,再结合句意与逻辑,套用固定句式,就能找到答案。
(3)(2009·福建高考)She had just finished her homework
her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday.
A.when
B.while
C.after
D.since
答案:A
本题考查when的用法。由句意可知此处when用作并列连词,意为“这时”。
(4)(2010·大纲全国高考Ⅱ)Tom was about to close the window
his attention was caught by a bird.
A.when
B.if
C.and D.till
答案:A
句意:汤姆刚要关窗,这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引了。Sb.be about to do...when...是一个固定句式,表示“某人正要做……这时……”。
3.Before sb.... 某人还没来得及……就……
【常考用法】
before用作连词时,其基本含义是“在……之前”,又可以根据不同语境灵活翻译成“才”、“还没来得及就……”、“趁……”、“就”等。具体用法如下:
(1)与情态动词can/could连用
这时候从句虽为肯定形式,根据汉语表达习惯译成“还没来得及就”。
Before I could get in a word,he had measured me.我还没来得及插话他就为我量好了尺寸。
Before she could move,she heard a loud noise,which grew to a terrible roar.
她还没来得及迈步,就听见一声巨响,接着就是可怕的隆隆轰鸣。
(2)用于肯定句中强调主句所表达的时间、距离长,或花费的精力大,译成“才”。
We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw lands.
我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。
We waited a long time before the train arrived.我们等了很长时间火车才到。
(3)用于否定句中,强调主句所表达的时间、距离短,或花费的精力小,译成“不到……就”。
We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.我们跑了还不到一英里他就觉得累了。
(4)主句含有hardly,scarcely等半否定副词时可以译为“刚……就”。这时候主句应用过去完成时态,从句用过去时,还可以用when替代before。
We had scarcely reached the school before/when the bell rang.我们刚到学校铃声就响了。
(5)有时还有“(宁可……而)不愿”的意思。
I’d shoot myself before I apologized to him.我宁死也不向他道歉。
(6)用于It+be/takes+时间段+before句型。
在这一句型中又可以根据主从句的时态分成两种情况。
①若主句是一般将来时态,从句是一般现在时。若主句是肯定形式,意思是“要过多长时间才”;若主句是否定形式,翻译成“用不了多久就”。
It will be two weeks before everything returns to normal.两周之后一切才能恢复正常。
It will be many years before the situation improves.这种状况要过许多年才能得以改善。
It won’t be long before we meet again.用不了多久我们就会再见面的。
②若主句是一般过去时,从句也是一般过去时。若主句是肯定形式,翻译成“多长时间之后才”;若主句是否定形式,翻译成“没过多久就”。
It was some time before I realized that I was wrong.过了很长一段时间我才意识到我错了。
It wasn’t long before she became a brave soldier.没过多久她就成了一名勇敢的战士。
After that it still took seven years before they got married.那之后他们又过了七年才结婚。
【注意】
当主句的谓语动词为延续性动词时,before与until有时可以互换。如:It was an hour before/until the police arrived.
【十年高考链接】
(1)(2016·湖南高考)You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason
you reach any decision.
A.although B.before C.because D.unless
答案:B
although “虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句;before“在……之前”,引导时间状语从句;because “因为”,引导原因状语从句;unless “除非”,引导条件状语从句。句意:做任何决定之前,必须学会尊重自己的情感与理智。空格前后的时间先后意味较为明显,所以答案为B。
(2)(2016·陕西高考) I have heard a lot of good things about you
I came back from abroad.
A.since B.until C.before D.when
答案:A
从题干中的 “have heard” 可知是“已经听说”,所以应该是“自从我回来”,因此要用since引导时间状语从句。句意:自从我从国外回来,我听到了很多关于你的好消息。
(3)(2016·上海高考)I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise
I am sitting.
A.before B.until C.unless D.where
答案:D
本题四个选项都为常见的状语从句引导词。before“在……之前”,引导时间状语从句;until“直到……为止”,引导时间状语从句;unless“除非,如果不”,引导条件状语从句;where“在……的地方”,引导地点状语从句。句意:“我不能听清楚教授所讲的东西,因为在我坐着的地方有太多的噪音。”显然这里指我所坐的地方太吵,导致我听不清。解答这类题目要正确理解句意。
(4)(2012·山东高考) A number of high buildings have arisen
there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
A.when B.where C.before D.until
答案:B
考查状语从句的用法。句意:很多高楼在一年前还是废墟的地方拔地而起了。where在句中引导地点状语从句。其他选项均不合题意。
(5)( 2012·上海春招)
you take a photo,you should always check the position of the sun.
A.Before B.After C.Because D.Though
答案:A
考查状语从句的连接词。句意:你在照相之前,应该检查太阳的位置。before在……之前;after在……之后;because因为;though虽然。
(6)(2012·重庆高考)—Coach,can I continue with the training?
—Sorry,you can’t
you haven’t recovered from the knee injury.
A.until B.before C.as D.unless
答案:C
考查状语从句。句意:“教练,我可以继续训练吗?”“对不起,你不可以,因为你膝盖的伤还没有恢复。”故用as表示原因;until直到……;before在……之前;unless除非。
(7)(2007·北京高考)—Where’s that report?
—I brought it to you
you were in Mr.Black’s office yesterday.
A.if
B.when
C.because
D.before
答案:B
本题考查连词用法及含义辨析。句意:“那篇报告在哪儿呢?”“昨天当你在布莱克先生办公室的时候我带给你了。”when“当……时候”。
(8)(2007·上海高考)Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water
they are not managed carefully.
A.though
B.before
C.until
D.if
答案:D
考查连词词义辨析。句意:如果小帆船没有被仔细掌控好的话,那么在水中就很容易被打翻。if “如果”,引导条件状语从句。
(9)(2007·辽宁高考)We had to wait half an hour
we had already booked a table.
A.since
B.although
C.until
D.before
答案:B
考查连词的含义及用法。句意:尽管我们已经预订了饭桌,但我们不得不等上半个小时。although“尽管”,引导让步状语从句。
(10)(2007·福建高考)You will be successful in the interview
you have confidence.
A.before
B.once
C.until
D.though
答案:B
本题考查状语从句的引导词,before“在……之前”,引导时间状语从句;once“一旦”,引导条件状语从句;until“直到……”,引导时间状语从句;though“虽然”,引导让步状语从句。由句意“一旦你有了信心,你在面试中就会成功的”可知应选B项。
(11)(2007·安徽高考)The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months;it will be a long time
we meet them again.
A.after
B.before
C.since
D.when
答案:B
本题考查before引导的时间状语从句的用法。主句为将来时态,从句用一般现在时态代替将来。
(12)(2004·天津高考)It was evening
we reached the little town of Winchester.
A.that
B.until
C.since
D.before
答案:D
句意:我们还没赶到温彻斯特小城天就黑了。此处 before用于肯定句中强调主句所表达的时间、距离长,或花费的精力大。
(13)(2005·广东高考)The American Civil War lasted four years
the North won in the end.
A.after B.when C.before D.then
答案:C
句意:美国内战持续了四年,北方才最终获胜。此处 before用于肯定句中强调主句所表达的时间长、花费的精力大,意为“……才……”。
(14)(2005·山东高考)It was some time
we realized the truth.
A.when
B.until
C.since
D.before
答案:D
句意:过了一段时间我才了解到了真相。“It was +时间段+before从句”表示“过了多久才……”。
(15)(2006·四川高考)-Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting?
-He rushed out of the room
I could say a word.
A.before
B.until
C.when
D.after
答案:A
句意:“你为什么没告诉他开会的事?”“我还没来得及说什么他就跑出了房子。”before sb.could...表示“某人还没来得及……就……”。
(16)(2006·福建高考)—How long do you think it will be
China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?
—Perhaps two or three years.
A.when
B.until
C.that
D.before
答案:D
句意:“你认为要过多久中国才能往月球发射载人飞船?”“或许两三年。”“It will be +时间段+before从句”表示“要过多久才……”。
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