课时作业(十七) 必修4 Unit 2 Working the land
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2016·安徽示范高中二次联考)—It’s said that you’re going to drop out of college.Are you serious?
—________.I will find a job.
A．Yes，I’ve made up my mind B．No，I was just joking
C．Yes，I couldn’t agree more D．No，I’m not sure
2．About 100 million people are still out of work.________，employment will continue to be a top concern for this country.
A．Therefore B．However
C．Besides D．Instead
3．Liu Yang’s________as the first woman astronaut of China made all the people in her hometown very excited.
A．to choose B．choosing
C．being chosen D．chose
4．Some taxis sometimes choose purposely whether or not to________passengers，depending on whether their destination will be too long or too short.
A．bring up B．take up
C．build up D．pick up
5．There’s no doubt that parents are always concerned about their kids’ future and________is waiting for them when they grow up.
A．what B．which
C．whether D．where
6．South Asia’s rate of children that are underweight or with low birth weight is nearly________that of Africa.
A．as twice high as B．twice as high as
C．as high as twice D．as high twice as
7．—Why did the parents spend so much money on their children?
—They just want to have their children________with good education.
A．offered B．paid
C．made D．equipped
8．(2016·湖北七市联考)It is a good idea to make a brief________of the main points of your speech to get yourself across to the audience.
A．comment B．summary
C．guide D．framework
9．(2016·河北模拟)—How did she lose so much weight as expected?
—________eating less，she jogged for several miles every day.
A．In spite of B．In addition to
C．Instead of D．Thanks to
10．If you want to advance yourself in your study，you will first have to________yourself of those shortcomings that can become barriers to progress.
A．remove B．cut
C．reduce D．rid
11．(2012·潍坊质量检测)When people cut down big trees，new trees should be planted.________，they will have no trees to cut down in the future.
A．If not B．If so
C．If no so D．If don’t
12．(2012·西安第一次质检)We put our books in the bookcase to keep them________from dust.
A．empty B．free
C．loose D．short
13．—What Tom had said turned out to be right.
—Oh，yes.I regret________his advice.
A．to take B．taking
C．not to take D．not taking
14．Nowadays，food safety has become the________of the government as well as the society.
A．advantage B．focus
C．step D．anger
15．(2016·浙江绍兴调研)—What do you think of her speech last night?
—Just so so.She gave us too much information，so that everyone got________.
A．confused B．to confuse
C．confusing D．to be confused
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2016·苏锡常镇四市二调)
Research shows that childhood friendships are important indicators of future success and social adjustment.Children’s relationships with peers (同龄人) strongly influence their success in school，and children with fewer friends are more at risk of dropping out of school，becoming depressed and other problems.
Making and Keeping Friends Is More than Child’s Play
When 6-year-old Rachel returned to school on a recent Monday
morning，her
eyes immediately
scanned
the playground for her friend Abbie.“Though they were only separated by a weekend，the girls ran right into each other’s arms and hugged，”recalls Rachel’s mother Kathryn Willis of Gilbert.“It was like a scene from a movie.”
Most parents instinctively (本能地) know that having friends is good for their child.Experts agree that friendship is not simply child’s play，but a powerful predictor of social adjustment throughout life.
A Skill for Life
“Childhood friendships serve as a very important training ground
for
adulthood，”
says
Dr.Robbie
Adler-Tapia，psychologist with the Center for Children’s Health & Life Development at the East Valley Family Resource Center.
Researcher William Hartup states，“Peer relations contribute significantly to both social and cognitive
(认知的) development.”
Hartup
concludes
that
the
single best childhood predictor of adult social adaptation is not school grades or classroom behavior，but rather，how well a child gets along with other children.
The
work
of
Arizona
State
University
professor
of Developmental Psychology Gary Ladd proves that just as being able to make and keep friends is beneficial to kids，so is the lack of friends detrimental.
Good Friendships Don’t Just Happen
Experts agree that it is essential for children to establish high-quality
friendships.But，researchers
warn，these friendships don’t necessarily just happen.Often，a good friendship begins with involved parents.
Psychologist Dr.Lynne Kenney Markan believes kids should be taught social skills in much the same way they are taught math and reading.
Bad Company
Many parents worry about the quality as well as the quantity of their child’s friendships.“When she was in 1st grade，her supposed ‘best friend’ began calling her names and threatening to hurt her，” says Mindy Miller.“My daughter wasn’t allowed to talk to or even look at other girls in her class.It really crushed her spirit.I told my daughter she didn’t need a ‘friend’ like that.”
“I’ll bend over backwards to help my son get together with a friend I think is good for him，” Adler-Tapia says.“I don’t look at it as manipulation (操纵)，just positive parental involvement.”
1．The example of Rachel and Abbie is used to illustrate that________.
A．childhood friendship is of great significance to their growth
B．a positive friendship helps children solve emotional and physical problems
C．it is a proven fact that peer friendship is the most rewarding experience throughout life
D．Rachel missed her friend Abbie very much because of
their separation of one weekend
2．The underlined word “detrimental” could be replaced by________.
A．aggressive B．disappointing
C．ridiculous D．harmful
3．We can learn from the passage that high-quality friendship most probably results from________.
A．social skills and good study habits
B．school grades and classroom behaviors
C．academic success and social adaptation
D．positive parental involvement and social skills
4．From the last paragraph we can conclude that Dr.Robbie Adler-Tapia agrees that________.
A．parents should regard making friends as something that just happens
B．it’s wise for parents to support and encourage healthy peer relationships
C．parents only need to help their children to cope with difficult social situations
D．parents are supposed to encourage their children to make as many friends as they can
B
(2016·合肥一模)
Can people change their skin color without suffering like pop king Michael Jackson？Perhaps yes.Scientists have found the gene that determines skin color.
The gene comes in two versions，one of which is found in 99 per cent of Europeans.The other is found in 93 to 100 per cent of Africans，researchers
at
the
Pennsylvania State University report in the latest issue of Science.
Scientists have changed the color of a dark-striped zebrafish (斑马鱼) to gold by inserting a version of the pigment (色素) gene into a young fish.As with humans，the skin color of zebrafish is determined by pigment cells，which contain melanin (黑色素)．The number，size and darkness of melanin per pigment cell determine skin color.
It appears that，like the golden zebrafish，light-skinned Europeans also have a mutation (变异) in the gene for melanin production.This results in less pigmented skin.
However，Keith Cheng，leader of the research team，points out that the mutation is different in human and zebrafish genes.
Humans acquired dark skin in Africa about 1.5 million years ago to protect bodies from ultra-violet rays of the sun，which can cause skin cancer.
But when modern humans leave Africa to live in northern latitudes，they need more sunlight on their skin to produce vitamin
D．So the related gene changes，according to Cheng.
Asians have the same version of the gene as Africans，so they probably acquired their light skin through the action of some other gene that affects skin color，said Cheng.
The new discovery could lead to medical treatments for skin cancer.It also could lead to research into ways to change skin color without damaging it like chemical treatment did on Michael Jackson.
5．Scientists have done an experiment on a dark-striped zebrafish in order to________.
A．find the genes that are different from humans’
B．prove the skin color of zebrafish is determined by the pigment gene
C．find out the reason why Africans’ skin color is dark
D．find out the ways to change people’s skin color
6．The passage mainly tells us that________.
A．scientists have found out the gene that determines people’s skin color
B．the new discovery could lead to research into ways to change skin color safely
C．pop king Michael Jackson often changed his skin color as he liked
D．people cannot change their skin color without any pain
7．The reason why Europeans are light-skinned is probably that________.
A．they are born light-skinned people
B．light-skinned Europeans have mutation in the gene for melanin production
C．they have fewer activities outside
D．they pay much attention to protecting their skin8．The writer’s attitude towards the discovery is________.
A．neutral B．negative
C．indifferent
D．positive
课时作业(十七)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．解析： 考查交际用语。根据答语后半部分的内容可知，答话人已经下定决心从大学辍学。故A项“是的，我已经下定决心了”，符合句意。
答案： A
2．解析： 句意为：仍约有1亿人失业。因此，就业将继续成为这个国家最关心的问题。therefore因此；however然而；besides而且；instead反而。
答案： A
3．解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意为：刘洋被选为中国的第一位女航天员让她家乡的人们兴奋不已。分析题干可知“Liu Yang’s________as the first woman astronaut of China”为句子的主语，并且Liu Yang充当了空格处的逻辑主语，且二者存在动宾关系，所以要用动名词的被动形式作主语，即选C。
答案： C
4．解析： 句意为：一些出租车有时故意选择是否搭载乘客，这取决于乘客们的目的地太远或太近。bring up养育；take up开始从事；build up建立；pick up搭载。
答案： D
5．解析： 考查名词性从句。分析题干可知“________is waiting for them...”在句中作介词的宾语，并且空格处又在从句中作主语。因为whether需在从句中作地点状语，排除D；又因which意为“哪个，哪些”，表特指，排除B；而what意为“什么”，表泛指，故选A。
答案： A
6．解析： 考查倍数表达法。倍数表达法的一种就是“倍数＋as＋adj.(原级)＋as”，故选B。
答案： B
7．解析： 句意为：——为什么父母在他们的孩子身上花这么多的钱？——他们只是想让他们的孩子获得好的教育。本句使用了have sth.done，同时选项中的equip意为“装备”，常与with连用；而offer的结构是offer sb.sth.和offer sth.to sb.不能够与介词with连用。
答案： D
8．解析： 考查名词辨析。句意为：为了把自己的意思传达给听众而将你演讲的要点进步一个简短的小结，这个想法不错。A.议论，评论；B.总结，概括；C.指南，向导；D.框架。根据句意选B。
答案： B
9．解析： 句意为：——她是怎样按照预想的减掉这么多体重的？——除了少吃，她每天慢跑几英里。in addition to除了……以外(还有)；A.尽管；C.代替；D.多亏了。根据she jogged...可知B项正确。
答案： B
10．解析： rid sb.of sth.表示“使某人摆脱……”，符合句意。句意为：如果你想学习上取得进步，首先你必须摆脱那些会成为你进步障碍的缺点。
答案： D
11．解析： 考查省略。句意为：当人们砍倒大树时，应该种植新树，不然的话，他们将来就没有树木可砍了。if not如果不，不然；if so如果这样的话。
答案： A
12．解析： 考查形容词辨析。句意为：我们把书放在书柜中是为了使它们没有灰尘。此处free表示“没有……的”。
答案： B
13．解析： regret后可接动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语，但意义有区别，前者表示“很遗憾要去做某事”，后者表示“很遗憾做了某事”。句意为：——汤姆所说的被证明是对的。——是啊，我后悔没有采纳他的建议。
答案： D
14．解析： 考查名词。句意为：如今，食品安全问题成为政府和社会关注的中心话题。focus(兴趣、活动等的)中心；焦点，符合句意。advantage好处；优势；step步骤；anger愤怒。
答案： B
15．解析： 考查非谓语动词。get confused为被动语态结构，get相当于助动词be。
答案： A
Ⅱ.阅读理解
语篇解读： 研究表明，童年时期的友谊对孩子的将来有着非常重要的意义。
1．解析： 细节理解题。文中六岁的Rachel与她的朋友Abbie之间的友谊例证了本部分的标题Making and Keeping Friends Is More than Child’s Play，再结合文章首句可知应选A项。
答案： A
2．解析： 词义猜测题。根据文中的“The work of Arizona State University professor of Developmental Psychology Gary Ladd proves that just as being able to make and keep friends is beneficial to kids，so is the lack of friends detrimental.”可知，“detrimental”与句中的“beneficial”相对应，因此“detrimental”与“harmful”同义。
答案： D
3．解析： 细节理解题。根据Good Friendships Don’t Just Happen中的“a good friendship begins with involved parents”与“kids should be taught social skills in much the same way they are taught math and reading”可知，D项正确。
答案： D
4．解析： 推理判断题。根据文章的最后一句可推知，父母应该在孩子交友的问题上给予指导，避免其受到不良影响，因此选B。
答案： B
语篇解读： 这是一篇科普文。科学家们找到了决定人类肤色的基因。
5．解析： 细节理解题。依据文章第三段可知，科学家把一种色素基因植入斑马鱼的幼鱼体内，将其变成了金色，从而证明了和人类一样，斑马鱼的肤色也是由色素细胞决定的，由此可知B项正确。
答案： B
6．解析： 主旨大意题。文章讲述了科学家通过研究斑马鱼发现了决定人类肤色的基因。首段中的“Scientists have found the gene that determines skin color.”即研究的结果，也是文章叙述的中心。
答案： A
7．解析： 细节理解题。依据文章第四段可知，像金斑马鱼一样，欧洲人的产生黑色素的基因产生了突变，使得黑色素减少，才使他们肤色变浅了。由此可知B项正确。
答案： B
8．解析： 推理判断题。依据文章最后一段的首句可知，这一发现有助于攻克皮肤癌等难题，由此可知作者对这个发现持肯定的态度。
答案： D