山东省郯城第三中学高中英语语法复习：典型习题

　　1．The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 B.C,did’t include women players until 1919.

　　A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing

　　析：根据题干，必须选表示被动的选项，故排除A、D；因B选项表“将要被举行”意，不合题干之用，只有C选项（相当于which was first played）才合用。

　　2．European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world.

　　A.making B.makes C.made D.to make

　　析：B、C是谓语动词，在此不可用。D项to make或表目的，或表“将要使得”，这都不合题干情景。只有A.making,可作状语，表结果。再举一现在分词作结果状语例：

　　The bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing the delay.公共汽车被大风雪所阻，因而耽误了。

　　3．Little Jim should love ______ to the theatre this evening.

　　A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking

　　析：根据this evening,应选表示将来义的选项，C、D应排除。Take后无宾语，必然要用被动式，故答案为A。

　　4．John was made ______ the truck for a week as a punishment.

　　A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing

　　析：根据be made to do sth.句式，可定答案为A。

　　5．The patient was warned ______ oily food after the operation.

　　A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating

　　析：根据warn sb.(not)to do sth.句式，可排除B、D两项；又根据非谓语动词的否定式not总是在首位的规律，又可排除A，而定C。

　　6．——I usually go there by train. ——Why not ______ by boat for a change?

　　A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going

　　析：此题可根据why not后直接跟原形动词规律而一举确定正确答案为D。若将B项改为try to go，则要根据其与try going意义之别来确定答案。依据题干对话内容，乙方是建议甲方尝试乘船变变花样，所以答案仍为D。

　　7．______ a reply,he decided to write again.

　　A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received

　　析：非谓语动词的否定式not应置于首位，B、D皆为错误形式。A项不能表达先于decided的动作，只有选C项才表没收到信在先，决定再写信在后，所以C为正确答案。

　　8．Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer.

　　A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having mvented

　　析：consider表“考虑”意时，其后动词用doing形式，此处不表“考虑”，而表“认为”，这时consider后作宾语补足语或主语补足语多为to do,to have done,to be等形式。据此可排除B、D两个选项。又因A表“要发明”意，不合题用，只有C表“发明了”意，才合题用，故选C。

　　9．Most of the artists ______ to the party were from South Africa.

　　A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited

　　析：“被邀请参加晚会”，应选表被动意的选项，B不可用。D项少引导词who，也应排除。又因短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作定语，C也应排除，只有A.invited(＝who were invited)才是正确答案。

　　10．The murderer was brought in,with his hands ______ behind his back.

　　A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tired D.tied

　　析：B表主动意，应排除。C表“将要被捆绑”，A表“正在被捆绑”都不合题意，只有D项填入空白才能表达“双手被反绑着”这一意思，符合题干情景。再看一类似例句： He came in,(with)his head held high.他昂首走了进来。

　　二、历届高考试题分析

　　例1、The discovery of new evidence led to _________.

　　A. the thief having caught

　　B. catch the thief

　　C. the thief being caught

　　D. the thief to be caught

　　答案为C。

　　【解析】

　　lead to这个词组中to是介词，后面跟名词，于是B被排除，the thief是动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构，与catch之间应是被动关系，故排除A。常见的带介词to的短语有：(get) be used to, look forward to，look up to, stick to, object to, be devoted to, pay attention to等。

　　例2、Though _______money, his parents managed to send him to university.

　　A. lacked

　　B. lacking of

　　C. lacking

　　D. lacked in

　　答案为C。

　　【解析】

　　lack是及物动词，后接宾语money。his parents与lack是逻辑上的主谓关系，要用现在分词作状语。译文：虽然缺钱，他的父母亲还是设法让他上了大学。

　　例3、He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk ____ the good opportunity.

　　A. to lose

　　B. losing

　　C. to be lost

　　D. being lost

　　答案：B

　　例5、____ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.

　　A. Put

　　B. Putting

　　C. Having put

　　D. Being put

　　答案：A

　　【解析】

　　put sth. into use “让……投入使用”。显然，put 和句子主语the hotline 构成被动关系，所以用表示被动的过去分词。

　　例6、It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ____ a look at the sports stars.

　　A. had

　　B. having

　　C. to have

　　D. have

　　答案：C

　　【解析】

　　动词不定式充当目的状语。

　　例7、With a lot of difficult problems _______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

　　A. settled

　　B. settling

　　C. to settle

　　D. being settled

　　答案为C

　　【解析】动词不定式to settle作为difficult problems的定语表示现在或将来要解决的难题；过去分词settle作定语表示已经解决的难题，现在分词的被动式being settled作定语表示正在解决的难题。

　　例8、More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ____ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.

　　A. taking

　　B. taken

　　C. having taken D. having been taken

　　答案：A

　　【解析】

　　take advantage of （利用）和句子主语More and more people 构成主动关系，且和句子谓语sign up for

　　(报名参加)同时发生，所以选择A。

　　例9、 Sandy could do nothing but ________ to his teacher that he was wrong.

　　A. admit

　　B. admitted

　　C. admitting

　　D. to admit

　　答案为A。

　　【解析】

　　该句中的but是介词，后接动词不定式。当谓语动词是do，does或did时，后接不带to的不定式；是其他动词时，后接带to的不定式。该句的谓语是 could do nothing，要填动词原形admit。译文：山德不得不向老师承认自己错了。

　　例10、 He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information.

　　A. hoped

　　B. hoping

　　C. to hope

　　D. hope

　　答案为B。

　　【解析】

　　现在分词hoping表示与send me an e-mail同时发生的动作。一些考生认为应该填不定式作目的状语。不定式作目的状语时，句子的正确形式是：He sent me an e-mail to get further information.不需要hope一词，如果要选择“hoped”时，句子的正确形式是：He sent me an e-mail and hoped to get further information。“hope”和“sent”作并列谓语。

　　练习

　　1.______ more attention,the trees could have grown better.

　　A.To give B.Having given C.Given D.Giving

　　2.The first textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

　　A.to be written B.written C.being written D.having written

　　3.The missing boys were last seen ______ near the river.

　　A.to play B.play C.to be playing D.playing

　　4.______ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.

　　A.To lose B.Lost C.Having lost D.Losing

　　5.When passing me he pretended ______ me.

　　A.to see B.not having seen C.to have not seen D.not to have seen

　　6.The children insisted ______ there on foot.

　　A.they going B.they would go C.on their going D.going

　　7.He still remembers ______ to Shanghai when he was very young.

　　A.taking B.being taken C.taken D.having taken

　　8.______ the railway station,we had a break,only ______ the train had left.

　　A.Arriving at;to find B.Coming to;discovering that

　　C.On arriving at;finding out D.Hurrying to;to have found out

　　9.With the boy ______ the way,we had no trouble ______ the way ______ to Zhongshan Park.

　　A.leading;finding;leading B.to lead;found;to lead C.led;finding;led D.leading;found;led

　　10.______ these pictures,I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Being and ______ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building,Beijing looks more beautiful.

　　A.Seeing;seen B.Seen;seeing C.Seeing;seeing D.Seen;seen

　　11.I can hardly imagine Peter ______ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.

　　A.to have sailed B.to sail C.sailing D.sail

　　12.If you wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the air ______ against your face.

　　A.moved B.moving C.moves D.to move

　　13.______ is known to all,China will be an ______ and powerful country in 20 or 30 years’ time.

　　A.That;advancing B.This;advanced C.As;advanced D.It;advancing

　　14.While shopping,people sometimes can’t help ______ into buying something they don’t really need.

　　A.persuade B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded

　　15.There was terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light.

　　A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed

　　16.Please excuse my ______ in without ______ .

　　A.come;permitted B.coming;permitted C.comimg;being permitted D.to come;being permitted

　　17.______ his head high,the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting ______ then.

　　A.Holding;being held B.Held;holding C.Having held;held D.Held;to be held

　　18.——Did you hear her ______ this pop song this time the other day?

　　——Yes,and I heard this song ______ in English.

　　A.sing;singing B.sung;sung C.sung;singing D.singing;sung

　　19.The question ______ now at the meeting is not the question ______ yesterday.

　　A.discussed;discussed B.discussing;had discussed C.being discussed;discussed D.discussing;discussing

　　20.With the cooking ______ ,I went on ______ some sewing.

　　A.done;to do B.being done;doing C.to be done;doing D.to have done;doing

　　21.It is no use ______ your past mistakes.

　　A. regretting B. regret C. to regret D. regretted

　　22.Her husband died in 1980 and had nothing ______ to her,only ______ her five children.

　　A.left;to leave B.leaving;leaving C.leaving;left D.left;leaving

　　23.I am very busy.I have a very difficult problem ______ .

　　A.to work B.to work out C.to be worked out D.to work it out

　　24.I would appreciate ______ back this affernoon.

　　A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.you’re calling

　　25.Climbing mountains was ______ ,so we all felt ______ .

　　A.tiring;tired B.tired;tiring C.tiring;tiring D.tired;tired

　　26.I saw some villagers ______ on the bench at the end of the room.

　　A.seating B.seat C.seated D.seated themselves

　　27.She was glad to see her child well ______ care of.

　　A.take B.to be taken C.taken D.taking

　　28.It is one of the important problems ______ tomorrow.

　　A.to solve B.to be solved C.solved D.solving

　　29.______ maps properly,you need a special pen.

　　A.Drawn B.Drawing C.To draw D.Be drawing

　　30.There is a river ______ around our school.

　　A.to run B.run C.running D.to be running

　　31.How about the two of us ______ a walk down the garden?

　　A.to take B.take C.taking D.to be taken

　　32.I was fortunate to pick up a wallet ______ on the ground on the way back home, but unfortunately for me,I found my colour TV set. ______ when I got home.

　　A.lying;stolen B.laying;stealing C.lay;stolen D.lying;stealing

　　33. Whth the kind－hearted boy ____ me with my work,I’m sure I’ll be able to spare time ___ with your work.

　　A.to help;help you out B.helping;helping you C.helped;to help you out D.to help;to help you

　　34.Greatly movedd by her words, ______ .

　　A.tears came to his eyes B .he could hardly hold back his tears

　　C. tears could hardly be held back D. his eyes were filled with tears.

　　35.——I hope the children won’t touch the dog.

　　——I’ve warned them ______ .

　　A.not B.not to C.not touch D.not do

　　36.I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.

　　A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone

　　37.When ______ why he walked in without permission,he just stared at us and said nothing.

　　A.been asked B.asked C.asking D.to be asked

　　38.The man kept silent in the room unless ______ .

　　A.spoken to B.spoke to C.spoken D.to speak

　　39.He was often listened ______ in the next room.

　　A.sing B.sung C.to sing D.to to sing

　　40.Rather than ______ on a crowded bus,he always prefers ______ a bicycle.

　　A.ride;ride B.riding;ride C.ride;to ride D.to ride;riding

　　41.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him ______ .

　　A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to

　　42.What’s troubling them is ______ enough experienced workers.

　　A.that they have to B.they have not C.their not having D.not their having

　　43.______ his telephone number,she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.

　　A.Not knowing B.Knowing not C.Not having known D.Having not know

　　44.Bamboo is used ______ houses in some places .

　　A.to build B.to building C.to be built D.being built

　　45.Go on ______ the other exercise after you have finished this one.

　　A.to do B.doing C.with D.to be doing

　　46.The day we looked forward to ______ .

　　A.come B.coming C.has come D.have come

　　47.Whom would you rather ______ the work?

　　A.to have to do B.to have do C.have to do D.have do

　　48.Do you think it any good ______ with him again?

　　A.to talk B.talking C.to talking D.having talked

　　49.Sometimes new ideas have to be tested many times before ______ .

　　A.accepting fully B.being fully accepted C.fully accepting D.fully being accepted

　　50.The government forbids ______ such bad books.

　　A.published B.to publish C.publish D.publishing

　　1.Most of the people _____ to the party were famous scientists.

　　A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting

　　2. ______ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it .

　　A. Having being told B. Though had been told C. He was told

　　D. Having told

　　3. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _____ on a big rock by the side of the path .

　　A.to have rested B. testing C. to rest D. rest

　　4. The next morning she found the man ______ in bed , dead .

　　A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying

　　5. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , _______ it more difficult .

　　A. to make B. not to make C. not making D. to not make

　　6 . The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 B.C., did not include women plays until 1912 .

　　A.first playing B.to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing

　　7 . ---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting .

　　---- Well , now I regret ____________that .

　　A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done

　　8 . The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with talks , _______ that he had enjoyed his stay here .

　　A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added

　　9 . _______ a reply , he decided to write again .

　　A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received

　　10.The speaker raised his voice, but he still couldn’t make himself ________ .

　　A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard

　　Robert is said ___ abroad , but I don’t know what country be studied in .

　　to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying

　　第三节 巩固练习

　　Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.

　　1. _____ anything about the accident ,he went to work as usual.

　　A. Not known 　

　　B. Known not 　 C. Knowing not 　 D. Not knowing

　　2. —Have you decided when_____?

　　—Yes, tomorrow morning.

　　A. to leave

　　B. to be leaving 　

　　C. will you leave

　　D. are you leaving

　　3. I really enjoy_____ that kind of job.

　　A. do

　　B. doing

　　C. to do

　　D. to be doing

　　4. —There’s a hole in your bag.

　　—l know. I am going to have it_____.

　　A. mend

　　B. mending

　　C. mended

　　D. to be mended

　　5. The next morning she found the man in bed, _____ dead.

　　A. lying 　

　　B. lie

　　C. lay

　　D. laying

　　6. Tell him_____ the window.

　　A. to shut not

　　B. not to shut

　　C. to not shut 　 D. not shut

　　7. The furniture ______on October 15 was seriously damaged because of a road accident .

　　A. being delivered

　　B. having delivered

　　C. having been delivered

　　D. delivered

　　8. He had his leg_____ in the match yesterday.

　　A. to break

　　B. broken

　　C. break

　　D. breaking

　　9. I can’t imagine_____ that with them.

　　A. do

　　B. to do

　　C. being done 　 D. doing

　　10. Most of the people_____ to the party were famous scientists.

　　A. invited

　　B. to invite

　　C. being invited

　　D. inviting

　　11. —Good morning. Can I help you?

　　—I’d like to have this package_____, madam.

　　A. be weighed 　 B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed

　　12. Slowly she opened the letter, _____.

　　A. her hands trembled slightly

　　B. slightly her hands were trembled

　　C. her hands slightly trembling

　　C. trembling her hands slightly

　　13. All ______will be present at the conference .

　　A. parties concerned

　　B. parties concerning

　　C. concerned parties

　　D. concerning parties

　　14. _____ more attention, the trees could have grown better.

　　A. Given

　　B. To give

　　C. Giving 　

　　D. Having given

　　15. She reached the top of the hill and stopped_____ on a big rock by the side of the path.

　　A. to have rested 　 B. resting 　

　　C. to rest 　

　　D. rest

　　16. Last summer I took a course on_______.

　　A. how to make dresses

　　B. how dresses be made

　　C. how to be made dresses

　　D. how dresses to be made

　　17. The murderer was brought in, with his hands_____ behind his back.

　　A. being tied B. having tied

　　C. to be tied 　

　　D. tied

　　18. The secretary worked late into the night, _____ a long speech for the president.

　　A. to prepare B. preparing 　

　　C. prepared

　　D. was preparing

　　19. I can hardly imagine Peter_____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.

　　A. sail

　　B. to sail

　　C. sailing 　 D. to have sailed

　　20. —The light in the office is still on.

　　—Oh, I forgot_____.

　　A. turning it off 　

　　B. turn it off

　　C. to turn it off

　　D. having turned it off

　　21. The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.

　　A. first playing 　 B. to be first played

　　C. first played

　　D. to be first playing

　　22. Not having finished his homework, _____ to watch the game.

　　A. so he was forbidden

　　B. he forbade

　　C. he was forbidden

　　D. mother forbid him

　　23. The _____ world population is the result of recent advances in medical science.

　　A. increased

　　B. increase

　　　 C. being increasing D. Increasing

　　24. _____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.

　　A. When left B. Leaving

　　C. If you leave 　 D. Leave

　　25. Cleaning women in big cities usually get______ by the hour.

　　A. pay

　　B. paying

　　C. paid

　　D. to pay

　　26. European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world.

　　A. making 　

　　B. makes

　　C. made

　　D. to make

　　27. Robert is said_____ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.

　　A. to have studied

　　B. to study

　　C. to be studying

　　D. to have been studying

　　28. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _____ it more difficult.

　　A. not make

　　B. not to make

　　C. not making 　

　　D. do not make

　　29. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door, ______ “Sorry to miss you; will

　　call later.”

　　A. read

　　B. reads

　　C. to read 　 D. reading

　　30. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what______ in my new job.

　　A. expected B. to expect

　　C. to be expecting

　　D. expects

　　31. It is impossible to avoid ______by advertisements in a modern society.

　　A. to be influenced

　　B. being influenced

　　C. to influence

　　D. influenced

　　32. Some people believe that some numbers show the ______side of a person’s personality.

　　A. hiding

　　B. hid

　　C. hidden

　　D. hide

　　33 —How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?

　　—key ______ the problem is to meet the demand _______ by the customers.

　　　A. to solving…making

　　B. to solving…made

　　C. to solve…making 　

　　D. to solve…made

　　34. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains______ whether they

　　will enjoy it.

　　　A. to see

　　B. to be seen

　　C. seeing

　　D. seen

　　35. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows______.

　　　A. it what to do with

　　B. what to do it with

　　C. what to do with it D. to do what with it

　　36. The research is so designed that once______ nothing can be done to change it.

　　　A. begins

　　B. having begun

　　C. beginning 　 D. begun

　　37. The teacher asked us______ so much noise.

　　　A. don’t make B. not make

　　C. not making D. not to make

　　38. ______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.

　　　A. Having given 　 B. To give 　

　　C. Giving

　　D. Given

　　39. Walking past the park, I couldn’t help ______some children flying kites.

　　　 A. stop to watch

　　B. stopping watch

　　C. stopping to watch

　　D. to stop to watch

　　40. Generally speaking, ______ according to directions, the drug has no side-effect.

　　　A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take 　

　　D. when to be taken

　　41. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered_______ clear warnings

　　before firing any shots.

　　A. to issue 　

　　B. being issued 　

　　C. to have issued

　　D. to be issued

　　42. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars_______ road conditions

　　need ______.

　　A. that…to be improved

　　B. which…to be improved

　　C. where…improving

　　D. when…improving

　　43. —What do you think made the woman so upset？

　　—_____ weight.

　　　 A. As she put on

　　B. Put on

　　C. Putting on

　　D. Because of putting on

　　44. The manager,______ his factory’s products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training.

　　　 A. knowing

　　B. known

　　C. to know

　　D. being known

　　45. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _______ whether he was going in the right direction.

　　　A. seeing

　　B. having seen 　

　　C. to have seen 　 D. to see

　　46. Don’t be discouraged. ______ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.

　　　A. Taking

　　B. To take 　

　　C. Take

　　D. Taken

　　47. Friendship is like money, easier made than ____.

　　　A. kept

　　B. to be kept

　　C. keeping

　　D. being kept

　　48. ______the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.

　　A. The president will attend

　　B. The president to attend

　　　C. The president attended

　　D. The president’s attending

　　49. Unless______ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.

　　A. invited

　　B. inviting 　

　　C. being invited 　 D. having invited

　　50. Time should be made good use of ____ our lessons well.

　　A. learning

　　B. learned

　　C. to learn

　　D. having learned

　　非谓语动词专练答案

　　1―5 C B D B D 6―10 C B A A A 11―15 C B C C B 16―20 C A D C A

　　21―25 A D B C A 26―30 C C B C C 31―35 C A D B B 36―40 B B A D C

　　41―45 A C A A A 46―50 C D A B D

　　A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.D

　　1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. A11. D 12. C 13. A 14. A 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. B 19. C 20. C21. C 22. C 23. D 24. D 25. C 26. A 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. B 31. B 32. D 33. D 34. B 35. C 36. D 37. D 38. D 39. C 40. B

　　41. A 42. A 43. C 44. A 45. D 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. A 50. C

　　1动词不定式和动名词作主语比较

　　动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性动作，不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。例如：

　　_______ is a good form of exercise for both young and old．（MET 1992）

　　A．The walk B．Walking C．To walk D．Walk（Key：B）

　　2动词不定式、动名词、分词作表语比较

　　（1）不定式和动名词作表语的区别同作主语一样。

　　His job is building houses．

　　Our task now is to increase food production．

　　（2）动词不定式和动名词作表语说明主语的内容，现在分词作表语表示主语所具有的特征，过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。

　　The real problem is getting to know the needs of the customers．

　　The most important thing is to put theory into practice．

　　The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier，_______ it more difficult．（NMET 1999）

　　A．not make B．not to make C．not making D．do not make （Key：B）

　　3动词不定式和动名词作宾语比较

　　（1）有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：want，wish，hope，manage，de- mand，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect等。

　　We agreed _______ here，but so far she hasn't turned up yet．（NMET 1995）

　　A．having met B．meeting C．to meet D．to have met （Key：C）

　　（2）有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如：admit，appreciate，avoid，con- sider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape， excuse，finish，forgive，imagine， keep，mind，miss，practise，resist， risk，suggest，deny等。

　　The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed_______ ．（MET 1987）

　　A．catching B．to be caught C．being caught D．to catch （Key：C）

　　I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon．（MET 1992）

　　A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C）

　　（3）有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词，意义上无多大区别，如：love， like，hate，prefer，intend，start， continue等。

　　I intend to finish／finish- ing the task this morning．

　　（4）有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词，但意义上有区别，如：forget，remember， mean，regret，stop，try等。

　　—The light in the office is still on．

　　—Oh，I forgot _______ ．（MET 1991）

　　A．turning it off B．turn it off C．to turn it off D．having turned it off（Key：C）

　　—You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting．

　　—Well，now I regret _______ that．（NMET 1995）

　　A．to do B．to be doing C．to have done D．having done（Key：D）

　　4、动词不定式、分词作宾语补足语和主语补足语比较

　　（1）有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语补足语或主语补足语，如：ask，tell，order，want，wish，warn， allow，advise，permit，forbid等。

　　The patientwas warned _______ oily food after the operation．（NMET 1996）

　　A．to eat not B．eating not C．not to eat D．not eating（Key：C）

　　（2）有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语，但意义不同，如：see，watch，notice，observe，hear，feel，have， make等，且不定式不带to，但在被动结构中必须带to。不定式指动作的全过程；现在分词指正在进行的动作的一部分，且表主动意义；过去分词指已经完成的动作，且表被动意义。

　　Paul doesn't have to be made ．He always works hard．（NMET 1995）

　　A．learn B．to learn C．learned D．learning（Key：B）

　　The manager discussed the plan that they would like so see the next year．（NMET 2000）

　　A．carry out B．carrying out

　　C．carried out D．to carry out（Key：C）

　　5不定式、动名词、分词作定语比较

　　（1）不定式作定语表示“将要”，现在分词表示“正在”或主动，过去分词表示“已经”。

　　The Olympic Games，in 776 B．C．，did not include women players until1912．（NMET 1997）

　　A．first playing B．to be first played C．first played D．to be first playing（Key：C）

　　When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door“Sorry to miss you； will call later．”（NMET 1999）

　　A．read B．reads C．to read D．reading（Key：D）

　　（2）动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途，现在分词作定语表示被修饰名词的动作。

　　a swimming pool动名词作定语，a swim- ming fish现在分词作定语。

　　6动词不定式作状语修饰动词、形容词，表示原因、目的和结果，分词作状语修饰动词和句子，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随和结果。

　　late in the morning，Bob turned off the alarm．（NMET 2001）

　　A．To sleep B．Sleeping C．Sleep D．Having slept（Key：A）

　　such heavy pollution already，it may now be too late to clean up the river．（NMET 2000）

　　A．Having suffered B．Suffering C．To suffer D．Suffered（Key：A）

　　more attention，the trees could have grown better．（MET 1990）

　　Given B．To give C．Giving D．Having given（Key：A）