素能提升演练（二十一）
选修Unit 21
Ⅰ．用所给词的适当形式填空
1. The local people are
to building the new hotel because of the great cost. (oppose)
2. We should be _________ to our friends. (faith)
3. It is a_________ to be invited to speak here. (privileged)
4. The sports meeting of our school is held _________. (annual)
5. Our English teacher won’t _________ any cheating in exams. (tolerate)
6. The boy didn’t go home at the usual time and his parents were _________about his safety. (concern)
7. Smoking is strictly _________ in the process of handling explosive material. (prohibit)
8. The driver was punished for_________ the traffic rules. (violate)
9. They can’t have _________ how things will turn out. (foresee)
10. The sports meeting was _________ because of rain. (postpone)
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. 假如她昨天邀请我参加聚会，我就去了。
If she had invited me yesterday, I .
2. 有必要保持办公室的整洁。 to keep the offices neat.
3. 人们相信“泰坦尼克号”是在撞上冰山之后沉没的。
Titanic after hitting an iceberg.
4. 看来非常遗憾，杰克没能够及时登机。
that Jack did not board the plane timely.
5. 他们夺走了人民的自由。
Theythe people____ their liberty.
Ⅲ．单项填空
1. When we talk about breaking records, we
the issue of performance- enhancing drugs.
A. come about
B. come across
C. come around
D. come along
2. It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested_______ .
A. in advance
B. by chance
C. at random
D. at all costs
3. ［2012合肥模拟］The city is well known for its education of good quality, however, its standards of education have
in recent years.
A. distributed
B. contributed
C. cancelled
D. declined
4. When you are older and experience more of life, you will be better mentally _______ to deal with whatever happens.
A. offered
B. provided
C. equipped
D. supplied
5. ［2012唐山模拟］Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written Englishin a short period.
A. improved
B. improving
C. to improve
D. improve
6．It was too hard for the firefighters to get close to the burning building. All their attempts to rescue the people trapped were .
A. in vain
B. in return
C. in place
D. in danger
7. The old lady came to the police station and claimed _______ of her purse when she was shopping.
A. to be robbed
B. to be robbing
C. to rob
D. to have been robbed
8. ［2012宣城模拟］Nobody can
his rude behavior, and that’s why he has no friends.
A. accustom
B. understand
C. cover
D. tolerate
9. It was an unpopular decision to postpone_______the new school.
A. building
B. to build
C. having built
D. to have built
10. I fear that a prior engagement will _______ me from joining you at dinner.
A. disagree
B. prohibit
C. gather
D. produce
11. He told us that he was going to Beijing to _______ his fortune.
A. seek
B. research
C. pick
D. earn
12. ［2012福州模拟］Each member country of WTO must
its laws and regulations and compete on the principle of fairness and cooperation.
A. cater to
B. correspond to
C. relate to
D. submit to
13. Does the common man _______ the idea of political union between European countries?
A. deliver
B. oppose
C. smooth
D. equal
14. ［2012池州模拟］You must try to
the memory of these terrible events.
A. make out
B. wipe out
C. pick out
D. work out
15. We have lost _______ in him and mistrusted him.
A. dependence
B. faith
C. belief
D. confidence
Ⅳ．阅读理解
(A)Each cell in the human body contains about 25, 000 to 35, 000 genes, which carry information that determines your traits. Traits are characteristics you inherit from your parents; this means your parents pass some of their characteristics on to you through genes. For example, if both of your parents have green eyes, you might inherit the trait of green eyes from them. Or if your mom has freckles(雀斑), you might inherit that trait and wind up with a freckled face. And genes aren’t just in humans — all animals and plants have genes, too.
Genes hang out all lined up on thread-like things called chromosomes(染色体). Chromosomes come in pairs, and there are hundreds, sometimes thousands of genes in one chromosome. The chromosomes and genes are made of DNA, which is short for deoxyribo nucleic acid.
Chromosomes are found inside cells, the very small units that make up all living things. A cell is so tiny that you can only see it through the lens of a strong microscope, and there are billions of cells in your body. Most cells have one nucleus. The nucleus, which is sort of egg-shaped, is like the brain of the cell. It tells every part of the cell what to do. How does the nucleus know so much?
It contains our chromosomes and genes. Tiny as it is, the nucleus has more information in it than the biggest dictionary you’ve ever seen.
1. What does the underlined word “inherit” probably mean in the first paragraph?
A. carry
B. send
C. obtain
D. pass
2. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. The parents pass some characteristics on to their children.
B. All living things receive traits from the old generations.
C. One’s green eyes might be passed on from the parents.
D. A mother’s freckled face might affect her young’s face.
3. From the passage we can know that________.
A. genes can decide all your characteristics from parents
B. genes exist inside cells that make up all living things
C. genes tell every part of the cell what to do
D. chromosomes come in pairs containing genes
4. From the passage we can conclude that________.
A. not all cells have one nucleus inside
B. not all living things are made up of cells
C. genes aren’t in humans but in animals and plants
D. DNA is made of chromosomes and genes
(B)
［2012南昌模拟］
Young women are more adventurous than young men when travelling abroad in gap years. One in three female backpackers visits more than three countries during a year out and travels alone, according to new research. By contrast, the majority of their male counterparts visit only one country and tend to travel in groups, says a survey by the Gap Year company, which provides information and services for students considering taking a year out.
More women than men say that their prime reason for taking time off is to see the world and experience different cultures. Men were more likely to rank “having fun” higher on their list of preferences. Women were more likely to value the challenge of a foreign trip, and many cited reasons such as learning a language and meeting new people.
The more adventurous gap years taken by women seem to work to their benefit; more than three quarters of those surveyed reported increased confidence, self-reliance and independence, whereas only half of the men had that experience.
The research also showed that women were more likely to do voluntary work while travelling, with more than one in ten helping with teaching or development projects. One of the reasons given for this is a wish to see the country in an authentic light.
A greater proportion(比例)of women than men faced objections or criticism from their families over their gap-year plans. Among the men surveyed, lack of money was the main barrier to travel. Carolyn Martin, a doctor from London, was a typically confident female traveller. Starting in Cape Town, she travelled around southern Africa and Australia with a string of unusual and sometimes dangerous jobs.
“I had one job chasing elephants off the runway in Africa by banging a stick against a pan，” she recalled. “It was OK but one day I did get chased by one. ”
She said that she had travelled alone because“you meet more people”．
5. By referring to “gap year”, the writer means .
A．a gap you come across after leaving high school
B．a time when you are caught in a dilemma between work and study
C．a period before you find a job upon your graduation from college
D．a year off between high school and college for certain purposes
6．According to the article, ________.
A．most of the women students will travel abroad during the summer holidays
B．one third of the women students will travel abroad in a year
C．women students are more likely to travel abroad alone in gap years
D．women students are willing to travel abroad in groups
7．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Men students will travel less during the gap year because of their part-time jobs.
B．Women students will travel more in gap years but face more objections over their gap-year plans.
C．The article suggests that women travelling alone will have dangerous experiences.
D．Men students prefer to travel inside their own country rather than go abroad.
8．Which of the following would be the best title of the article?
A．Girls Get the Best out of Gap Years
B．Boys Lack Courage in Gap Years
C．For Fun or for Adventure?
D．Young Women Are More Adventurous
Ⅰ．1. opposed2. faithful
3. privilege
4. annually
5. tolerate
6. concerned
7. prohibited
8. violating
9. foreseen
10. postponed
Ⅱ. 1. should have gone to the party
2.It is necessary
3. was believed to have sunk
4. It seems a pity
5. robbed; of
Ⅲ．1.【解析】选B。句意：当我们谈论破纪录的时候，我们碰巧谈论到兴奋剂的话题。come about发生；come across偶遇；come around顺便来访；come along出现；进展。
2.【解析】选C。句意：获胜者要被强制性地检查，而其他参与者只是被随意地检查。in advance提前；by chance偶然地；at random 随意地；at all costs无论如何。
【变式备选】
He can’t make both ends meet due to spending money _______.
A．at allB．at most
C．at random D．at length
【解析】选C。句意：由于随意花钱，他不能量入为出。at all根本；at most至多；at random随意地；at length最终。
3.【解析】选D。句意：这座城市以高教育质量而出名，然而其教育水准近几年已经下降。distribute分发，分配；contribute贡献；cancel取消；decline下降。
4.【解析】选C。句意：当你年纪更大一些，有了更多的人生经历，你就会具备更好地处理任何突发事情的心理准备。equip表示“配备，装备，使具备”; be mentally equipped意为“有心理准备”; offer提供，出价；provide供应，提供；supply供应，提供。
5.【解析】选A。考查“have sth. done”结构。因为her written English和improve之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。
6．【解析】选A。句意：消防员很难靠近燃烧的房子，所有营救被困人员的尝试都是徒劳地。in vain徒劳地；in return作为回报；in place适当的；in danger在危险中。根据句意可知选A。
7.【解析】选D。句意：这位老妇人来到警局，声称在购物时钱包被抢了。rob sb. of sth. 抢某人某物，the old lady与rob之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用不定式的被动式，且被抢动作发生在claim(宣称)之前，故用不定式的完成被动式，D项正确。
8.【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。句意：没有人能容忍他的粗鲁行为，所以他没有朋友。tolerate 容忍，忍受；accustom 习惯于；understand 理解；cover覆盖。
9.【解析】选A。考查postpone的用法。postpone后接动名词作宾语，排除B、D；而having built表示动作的完成，显然不合逻辑，故排除C，选A。
10.【解析】选B。句意：我有约在先，恐怕不能与你共进晚餐了。根据fear 一词可知不能共进晚餐。prohibit sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事。故选B。
11.【解析】选A。句意：他告诉我们他要到北京碰碰运气。seek one’s fortune 寻找发财机会；闯荡；碰运气，符合句意。
12.【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意：世贸组织的每个成员国必须服从世贸组织的法律和条例，并且基于平等与合作的原则进行竞争。cater to投合，迎合；correspond to符合；relate to有关；涉及；submit to服从；顺从。根据句意选D。
13.【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。句意：一般人是不是反对欧洲国家之间政治联盟的想法呢？deliver递送；oppose反对；smooth弄平；使光滑; equal等于。只有B符合句意。
14.【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意：你必须努力忘掉这些不好的事情的记忆。make out辨认出，理解，明白；wipe out彻底毁灭；pick out挑选出; work out算出。根据句意选B。
15.【解析】选B。dependence独立；faith信任；belief信仰；confidence自信。lose faith in sb. 对某人失去信任，与mistrusted相呼应。
Ⅳ．1.【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据后文信息this means your parents pass some of their characteristics on to you through genes这就意味着通过基因你的父母把性格特征传给你，结合例子推断此处语境：你的特征是从你父母那儿获得的。
2.【解析】选B。细节理解题。可用排除法。A项在第一段第二句话中。C、D项在第一段的例子中。全文未提到B项。
3.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Chromosomes are found inside cells, the very small units that make up all living things. ”结合第二段第一句“Genes hang out all lined up on thread-like things called chromosomes. ”可知：genes与chromosomes在一起，chromosomes在cells的内部，cells组成了所有的生命。
4.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段信息“Most cells have one nucleus. ”可知：大多数细胞有一个细胞核，由此推断：不是所有的细胞都有一个细胞核。注意：“not all. . . ”是半否定句式。
5.【解析】选D。词义猜测题。文章第二段提到students，所以相比之下，D项最适合。在英国等国家，年轻人会有“空档年”，即上完高中、上大学之前的这段时间。而C项是最大的干扰项，由常识可知，大学毕业后，学生一般都得忙着找工作，然后上班，没有足够的时间去旅行，所以D项比C项更贴切。
6．【解析】选C。细节理解题。在文章前两段中，作者提到“三分之一的女性在空档年会独自旅行”，而男性更倾向于团体旅行。A项应该是gap years，而不是the summer holidays，B项表示泛指，本文是特指在空档年出游，故B项中的in a year是不正确的。D项women改为men则正确。
7．【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第六段第一句A greater proportion of women than men faced objections or criticism from their families over their gap-year plans. 可知，女性更喜欢在空档年出游，但与男性相比，她们面临更多的反对意见。
8．【解析】选A。主旨大意题。文章第三段提到女性旅行的原因是了解世界、体验不同的文化、学习语言、认识新人。在第四段中作者提到“more than three quarters of those surveyed reported increased confidence, self-reliance and independence(超过四分之三的女性通过旅行会增强自信、自力和独立)”，而只有一半的男性有同样的体验。所以A项正确。D项是最大的干扰项，其实D项与原文第一段首句相比缺少了关键的状语限定部分(when travelling abroad in gap years)。