【三维设计】2017届高考英语二轮复习（通用版）练习：第2板块题型3 阅读理解词义猜测题专练（1）（含解析）

　　阅读理解词义猜测题专练(一)

　　(题干加黑的为词义猜测题)

　　A

　　(2016·湖南省十三校高三联考) As a star computer scientist, Cristina Fonseca had lots of job offers, but she turned them all down. She decided to start her own business Talkdesk. She lives in Portugal but does business all over the globe by using software.

　　The global economy works well for such people.

　　But the world of work has been less kind to other young folks. Florence Moreau, a young architect in Paris, had the double misfortune to leave university in 2009, when the world economy was on its knees; and to be French. “I really need a full­time, permanent job，” she says. Under France's 3,800­page labour code, workers on permanent contracts

　　receive generous benefits and are extremely hard to get rid of. So French firms have all but stopped hiring permanent staff: Four­fifths of new employees are on short­term contracts. Ms Moreau has had eight jobs, none lasting for longer than 16 months. With a small child at home, she has to keep looking for the next one. “It's tiring，” she sighs.

　　Joblessness matters. The longer people are out of work, the more their skills and their self­confidence atrophy,_the less appealing they look to potential employers and the more likely they are to give up.

　　Trade unions often favour a minimum wage. This can help those who already have jobs, but if it is set too high it can crowd out those with the fewest skills and the least experience, who tend to be young.

　　A labour system where companies can hire and fire easily is urgently needed.

　　Making it easier for young people to start their own business is essential, too. They may be full of energy and open to new ideas.

　　Also, there is a huge mismatch everywhere between the skills that many young people can offer and the ones that employers need. Ms Fonseca says she cannot find the right talent for Talkdesk. As economies grow more complex, demand for practical skills will keep rising. The world's schools are not even close to meeting it.

　　1．What can we learn about Cristina Fonseca?

　　A．She does business only in Portugal.

　　B．When seeking a job, she was refused many times by employers.

　　C．Her company is not related to information technology.

　　D．She can't find the talents she wants.

　　2．What does the underlined word “atrophy” in Paragraph 4 mean?

　　A．Increase.B．Shrink.

　　C．Overcome.

　　D．Survive.

　　3．Why can't Moreau find a permanent job?

　　A．Employers don't want to give workers good welfare.

　　B．She didn't finish university studies.

　　C．The world economy is booming.

　　D．The French government hasn't taken any measures for unemployment.

　　4．Which measure is actually useless for unemployment?

　　A．Making labour rules more flexible.

　　B．Training students to gain skills.

　　C．Raising the minimum wage.

　　D．Encouraging young people to start companies.

　　B

　　(2016·河南省豫东、豫北十所名校阶段性测试五)

　　I

　　believe in taking action to solve problems around me. Passively accepting the status quo (现状) is something that doesn't even cross my mind.

　　My mother wrote poetry, books, and letters to the editor to try to change the world — some were published; others remained manuscripts that she worked and reworked with comments from authors she respected. She did not sit still.

　　When, at ninety­three, illness left her only a short time to live, she told me that she had submitted her recent book of poetry to a publisher but hadn't received a response from them. So I called the publisher, only to learn that the company had stopped operating for lack of money. As my mother's health was slipping quickly, there wasn't time to find a different publisher. After a few weeks of feeling helpless, I began to look for another solution.

　　Luckily, I found a printer, who was touched by my mother's story and quickly moved into action with me. We worked together to complete the book just a few days before I left to see my mother for the last time. I handed it to her gift­wrapped. Her pain medication made it hard for her to see and think clearly, and she struggled to read the title of the book I had given her. When she finally recognized her title, her face softened into a smile. “You remembered，”

　　she said and then passed away with no regret. And then I knew — she had expected all along that I wouldn't sit_on_my_hands when in trouble and take action actively.

　　Not finding a solution wasn't an option. And this has guided me through so much of my life. I live in the world of education and opportunity. This is a daily challenge. When faced with a problem, I can't simply shrug my shoulders and say, “I don't know.”

　　While I can't change the world alone, I can't accept the status quo, and I need to take action.

　　5．Why did the author's mother receive no response after submitting her recent poetry?

　　A．The readers didn't like her works.

　　B．She was not a well­known writer.

　　C．The publisher went out of business.

　　D．Her illness shocked the publisher.

　　6．How did the author's mother react when seeing her book published?

　　A．She passed away without any regret.

　　B．She decided to write more works.

　　C．She recovered from her illness.

　　D．She was too ill to say anything.

　　7．What does the underlined part

　　“sit on my hands”

　　in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

　　A．Work up.

　　B．Keep calm.

　　C．Feel depressed.

　　D．Do nothing.

　　8．What did the author learn from her mother?

　　A．It's never too late to write.

　　B．Action speaks louder than words.

　　C．One good turn deserves another.

　　$来&源：D．Two heads are better than one.

　　C

　　(2016·石家庄市高中毕业班模拟考试)

　　For visitors, Teller Lake in Colorado looks like a fishbowl filled with thousands of gorgeous goldfish. However, to the Colorado Parks and Wildlife Department they are a group of dangerous species that could end up destroying the lake's ecosystem.

　　The problem is that these fish aren't native to the lake, which means they have no predators (捕食者). This allows them to multiply in large numbers. Park officials believe that most of them are a result of a few unwanted pet goldfish that were thrown into the lake.

　　While that may appear to be a kind thing to do, it is extremely dangerous, not to mention illegal. That's because as this non­native species grow in numbers, they compete with the existing fish for food sources like small insects.Given that there is only a limited supply of resources, this could result in the goldfish overpowering the native fish species. In the case of Teller Lake, the officials are particularly worried that the goldfish will move downstream and affect the population of some of the endangered native species that live there. Another major cause for concern is the diseases the goldfish may be carrying.

　　The Colorado Parks and Wildlife biologists, therefore, have no option but to remove the fish from the lake in the most efficient manner. The fish will then be fed to injured birds like eagles and osprey.

　　Experts say that most owners believe they are doing the “right thing” by returning their pet to the wilderness. However, saving one pet often results in destroying the area's ecosystem and hurting other animals. According to experts, the best way to dispose_of unwanted fish or any other animal is to get advice from the people that sold the pet.

　　9．Why did the dangerous goldfish appear in Teller Lake?

　　A．They were born into the lake.

　　B．They were thrown by Park officials.

　　C．They were abandoned by their owners.

　　D．They were brought in by some biologists.

　　10．How is the lake's ecosystem likely to be influenced by the goldfish?

　　$来&源：A．Native fish may be eaten by them.

　　B．New diseases may be brought in.

　　C．The lake water may be polluted.

　　D．Food sources may be increased.

　　11．What will happen to the goldfish after

　　they're caught?

　　A．They'll be killed at once.

　　B．They'll become food for birds.

　　C．They'll be set free downstream.

　　D．They'll be raised in the fishbowl.

　　12．What does the underlined phrase “dispose of” in the last paragraph probably mean?

　　A．Attend to.

　　B．Take over.

　　C．Get rid of.

　　D．Hold on to.

　　词义猜测题专练(一)

　　A

　　语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了目前严峻的就业形势及其原因。

　　1．选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段“Ms Fonseca says she cannot find the right talent for Talkdesk.”可知，Fonseca女士没能找到她想要的人才。故答案选D。

　　2．选B　词义猜测题。根据语境可知，人们失业时间越长，他们的技能和自信就会越萎缩，对潜在的雇主就越没有吸引力，更有可能放弃。由此可推知，画线词“atrophy”应与“shrink”意思相近，意为“萎缩”。故答案选B。

　　3．选A　推理判断题。根据第三段“Under France's 3,800­page labour code ...are on short­term contracts.”可推知，Moreau找不到永久工作的原因是雇主不想给工人好的福利。故答案选A。

　　4．选C　推理判断题。该题提问的是哪种措施对失业无用。根据文章最后四段可推知，提高最低工资对解决失业问题是无用的。故答案选C。

　　B

　　语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者的母亲喜欢写作，并发表了一些作品。在作者的母亲病危之际，她的一本诗集还未得到出版商的回复。作者为帮母亲完成愿望，想办法给母亲出版了那本诗集，并从中学到：不要被动地接受现状，而是要积极采取行动。

　　5．选C　细节理解题。根据第三段“So I called the publisher, only to learn that the company had stopped operating for lack of money.”可知，作者的母亲没有收到回复是因为出版商破产了。故选C。

　　6．选A　细节理解题。根据第四段“When she finally recognized

　　... with no regret.”可知，作者的母亲看到自己的书出版后，毫无遗憾地离开了人世。故选A。

　　7．选D　词义猜测题。分析句子结构可知，画线短语与“take action actively”意思相反，所以画线短语应与“do nothing”意思相近，意为“什么都不做”，符合语境。故选D。

　　8．选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段“...I can't accept the status quo, and I need to take action.”可知，作者从母亲身上学到：遇到困难时，不要说我没有办法，而是要积极采取行动去解决问题。A项意为“写作永不嫌晚”；B项意为“行胜于言”；C项意为“礼尚往来”；D项意为“三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮”。故选B。

　　C

　　语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。由于人们将宠物金鱼放生到科罗拉多州的特勒湖里，从而使湖水中原有物种受到威胁，破坏了其生态平衡。

　　9．选C　推理判断题。根据第二段“Park officials believe

　　...were thrown into the lake.”可知，导致特勒湖出现危险金鱼的原因是宠物金鱼被主人遗弃并扔进了湖里。故选C。

　　10．选B　推理判断题。根据第三段“Another major cause for concern is the diseases the goldfish may be carrying.”可知，金鱼可能会携带新的疾病，从而对湖里的生态系统造成影响。故选B。

　　11．选B　细节理解题。根据第四段“The fish will then be fed to injured birds like eagles and osprey.”可知，人们将金鱼从湖里捕捉出来后会将其喂给一些受伤的鸟，即它们会成为鸟类的食物。故选B。

　　12．选C　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“a few unwanted pet goldfish that were thrown into the lake”并结合全文可知，特勒湖的生态平衡因人们随意向其投放不要的宠物金鱼而遭到严重破坏，威胁着湖水中原有物种；画线词后的“unwanted”与第二段中的“unwanted”相呼应。由此可推知，dispose of应与“thrown”同义。C项意为“消除，摆脱”，与其意思最接近；A项意为“注意，专心”；B项意为“接手，接管”；D项意为“抓紧”，均与语境不符。故选C。