阅读理解主旨大意题专练(二)
(题干加黑的为主旨大意题)
A
(2016·厦门市高中毕业班质量检查) These days, young people in some Englishspeaking countries are speaking a strange language, especially when communicating on social media.
Look at these words chosen by The Washington Post：“David Bowie dying is totes tradge” and “When Cookie hugged Jamal it made me totes emosh.” Or this sentence：“BAE, let me know if you stay in tonight.”
What on earth do they mean? Well,
“totes”
is a short form of
“totally”.
Similarly, “tradge” means
“tragic”
and
“emosh”
means
“emotional”. It seems that, for millennials (千禧一代),
typing in this form is not only timesaving but fashionable.
As you can see, many millennial slangs (俚语) are formed by socalled
“totesing” — the systematic abbreviation (缩写 ) of words. The trend might have started with
“totally”
becoming “totes”， but it now has spread to many other English words.
The origins of other millennial slangs are more complex than
“totesing”.
“Bae”， for example, has been widely used by AfricanAmericans for years. It can be an expression of closeness with one's romantic partner or, like
“sweetheart”， for someone without romantic connection. After pop singer Pharrell used the word in his work,
“bae”
became mainstream.
Some people might think millennial slangs lower the value of the English language, but Melbourne University linguist (语言学家) Rosey Billington doesn't agree. She says when people are able to use a language in a creative way, they show that they know the language rules well enough to use words differently. Two other linguists, Lauren Spradlin and Taylor Jones, share the same view. The two analysed hundreds of examples of totesspeak and discovered totesing has complex roots.
It isn't simply an adult version of baby talk, nor a clever way to minimize your word count. Rather, it is a highly organized system that relies on a speaker's mastery of English pronunciation. It is about sounds, follows sound system of English and has strict rules.
1．Why do young people like using eslangs?
A．They are timeconsuming.
B．They are in fashion.
C．They are complex.
D．They are in order.
2．What's the author's purpose of mentioning
“Bae”
in Paragraph 5?
A．To support that totesing is no baby talk.
B．To analyse the usage of millennial slangs.
C．To inform people how it became mainstream.
D．To explain the complex origins of millennial slangs.
3．Which statement may Rosey Billington agree with?
A．Totesing is a loosely organized system.
B．Millennial slangs lower the value of English.
C．It's simply a clever way to reduce the word count.
D．Totesspeak requires a good command of English.
4．What's the best title of the passage?
A．Eslangs Catch on Among Youth
B．Linguists Disapprove of Totesing
C．Millennial Slangs Take the Lead
D．English Has Greatly Changed
B
(2016·湖南省六校高三联考) “By nature men are nearly alike, by practicability they get to be wide apart” (Confucius). Men are by nature alike because, at the most basic level, human behavior is motivated by a desire to satisfy certain needs: physiological needs, security needs, love, selfesteem and selfactualization, etc. Men are social animals, and they live together in groups to satisfy their desires, forming certain types of behaviors. Our life process can be regarded as a
culturalized (受文化熏陶) process to adjust ourselves to environment. Men are cultured animals. Different cultures have developed different ways of satisfying these needs — different patterns of life. It is the different ways that frequently puzzle and sometimes alienate (离间) people who are looking in from the outside. That is the cultural diversity.
No culture is wholly isolated, selfcontained and unique. There are important resemblances that originate in part from diffusion (the spread of social institutions from one society to another) and in part from the fact that all cultures are built around biological, psychological and social characteristics common to all mankind. Lyons refers to such common biological and cultural features as biological and cultural universals. That is why there is a greater or less degree of cultural overlap (重叠) between any two societies and why people from different cultures have the possibility to communicate with each other. Cultural similarities and differences are central to the
study of communication between members of different cultural groups because they affect all intercultural and crosscultural communication.
It has been clear that language is a part of culture and influenced by culture. If languages are shaped in part by the ideas processing capacities and social factors all people have in common, they should have certain feature in common — linguistic universals. But to the extent that language is shaped by accidental properties of thought, technology and culture, features will also differ from language to language. For example, the ancients lacked dissection (解剖) and medicine knowledge and mistook “heart” as the control center of human thoughts and emotions, which is unavoidably reflected in languages, such as in Chinese and English: 伤心欲绝— heartbreaking, 铭记在心— to learn by heart, and so on. Other shared expressions in both Chinese and English like: Walls have ears.隔墙有耳；Spend money like water. 花钱如流水；Castle in the air.空中楼阁， etc.
5.From the first paragraph we can see ________.
A．different ways of satisfying needs always hold together people from various cultures
B．from the very beginning people are fundamentally different from each other
C．behind human behavior is the desire to satisfy certain needs
D．people live together to get enough ability to make the environment adapt to their needs
6．________ lead to cultural diversity according to the writer.
A．People's social needs
B．People's physiological needs
C．People's ways of satisfying needs
$来&源：D．People's desires to satisfy needs
7．Why can people from different cultures communicate with each other?
A．Interpreters put great effort into throwing off isolation.
B．Biological and cultural universals contribute to the possibility.
C．Social institutions spread from one society to another quickly.
D．Biologists and psychologists overcome the obstacles to people's communication.
8．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Cultural Universals and Cultural Diversities
B．Biological and Psychological Influence on Communication
C．Universal Needs and Wellbeing
D．Culture and Language
C
(2016·安徽省六校高三学生素质测试)
Jerome Kern is often called the father of American musical theater. Kern is remembered for the hundreds of songs he wrote for musical plays and movies. To a great extent, he led the development of the first truly American theater music.
Jerome Kern began his career as a songwriter in theaters in London and New York City. Success came quickly. By the early 1920s, Kern was a successful young composer for Broadway musical comedies. He worked with each song until he was satisfied that the music was perfect.
American musical plays at that time were still usually copied from European ones. Kern wanted to try something completely new. He thought a musical play should be a real work of art, not just a collection of songs and dances. He thought songs should help move the action of the play along, by showing a person's feelings. Kern wanted to do a truly American musical, with real American characters and real situations.
In 1927, he found the story he wanted. It was the book Show Boat
by American writer Edna Ferber.
Show Boat
takes place in the 1880s on a passenger steam boat that travels along the Mississippi River. The boat is called a show boat because singers and dancers entertain the passengers. The captain of the show boat has a daughter who is a singer on the boat. She falls in love with a man who earns his money by gambling with cards.
The story dealt with some unusually serious issues for a musical. It showed the hard lives of AfricanAmericans in the South. And it showed marriage between people of different races, which was against the law at that time. Although serious in places,
Show Boat
was not a tragedy. The public and critics loved it.
Show Boat
became the greatest work of American musical theater.Music critics said Kern's effect on musical theater was revolutionary. It was Kern's music that made the show a great success, which has been performed thousands of times all over the world.
9．The passage above is likely to appear in a
________.
A．posterB．radio program
C．notice
D．news report
10．According to the passage, Jerome Kern can be described as being ________.
A．adventurous and sympathetic
B．brave and kind
C．productive and creative
D．hardworking and determined
11．The story of
Show Boat
is
________.
A．serious
B．lighthearted
C．ridiculous
D．tragic
12．The purpose of the passage is to
________.
A．introduce Jerome Kern's life and his career
B．explain how Jerome Kern's truly American musical plays were created
C．tell us the unusual story of
Show Boat
D．show the differences between American musical plays and European ones
主旨大意题专练(二)
A
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。现在一些说英语的国家的年轻人喜欢用缩略词，尤其是在社交媒体上。有些语言学家认为，年轻人对缩略词的使用不但没有降低英语的价值，反而表明他们熟练掌握了英语。
1．选B 细节理解题。根据第三段“It seems that, for millennials (千禧一代), typing in this form is not only timesaving but fashionable.”可知，他们认为这是一种时尚。故选B。
2．选D 推理判断题。根据第五段“The origins of other millennial slangs are more complex than ‘totesing’”可知，作者主要是用它来解释千禧一代所使用的一些俚语的复杂起源。故选D。
3．选D 推理判断题。根据第六段“She says when people
... words differently.”可知，她同意“网络缩略词要求对英语(的运用规则)能熟练掌握”的说法。故选D。
4．选A 标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述的是现在一些说英语的国家很多年轻人都喜欢使用缩略词，尤其是在社交媒体上进行交流的时候。故选A。
B
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了满足需求的不同方式导致了文化的差异，但来自不同文化的人们彼此之间之所以可以进行交流，则是因为他们在生理和文化上存在着共性。
5．选C 细节理解题。根据第一段“... human behavior is motivated by a desire to satisfy certain needs: physiological needs ...”可知，人的行为背后是想满足某些需求的欲望。故选C。
6．选C 细节理解题。根据第一段“Different cultures have
...that is the cultural diversity.”可知，作者认为是人们满足需求的不同方式导致了文化差异。故选C。
7．选B 细节理解题。根据第二段“Lyons refers to such
...to communicate with each other.”可知，是生理和文化上的普遍性导致来自不同文化的人们可以进行交流。故选B。
8．选A 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要就文化的差异性和共性进行了阐述。故A项“文化的共性与差异性”概括了文章主旨，适合做标题。故选A。
C
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了被称为“美国音乐剧之父”的Jerome Kern (杰罗姆·科恩)是如何创作出真正的美国音乐剧的。
9．选B 文章出处题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了被称为“美国音乐剧之父”的Jerome Kern是如何创作出真正的美国音乐剧的。由此可推断出，本文最有可能出现在一个广播节目中，而不是海报、通知或资讯报道上。故选B。
10．选C 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，Jerome Kern为音乐剧和电影创作了几百首歌曲，由此可知，他是一名多产的作曲家；根据最后三段内容可知，Jerome Kern试图对美国音乐剧进行创新，并最终取得了成功，由此可判断出，他是一名富有创造力的作曲家。故选C。
11．选A 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Although serious in places,
Show Boat
was not a tragedy.”可知，这个故事有些严肃。故选A。
12．选B 写作意图题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲述的是美国著名的音乐剧作曲家Jerome Kern的事迹，介绍了他是如何创作出真正的美国音乐剧的。故选B。