泉州市2014高考英语文章突破一轮训练（21）及答案
科普知识型阅读理解(二)
(一)
Plants have family values, too, it seems, with new research suggesting they can recognize close relatives in order to work together.
An ability to tell family from strangers is well known in animals, allowing them to cooperate and share resources, but plants may possess similar social skills, scientists believe.
Susan Dudley and Amanda File of McMaster University in Ontario, Canada, report they have demonstrated for the first time that plants can recognize their kin.
This suggests that plants, though lacking recognition and memory, are capable of complex social interactions.
“Plants have this kind of hidden but complicated social life，” Dudley said.
The study found plants from the same species of beachdwelling wildflower grew aggressively alongside unrelated neighbors but were less competitive when they shared soil with their families.
Sea rocket, a North American species, showed stronger and healthier root growth when planted in pots with strangers than when raised with relatives from the same maternal(母系的) family, the study found.
This is an example of kin selection, a behavior common in animals in which closely related individuals take a group approach to succeeding in their environment, the researchers said.
Kin selection also applies to competition, because if family members compete less with each other, the group will do better overall. “Everywhere you look, plants are growing right up next to other plants，” Dudley said，“ Usually it’s a case of each plant for itself. But sometimes those plants are related, and there are benefits to not wasting resources on being competitive, and there is not really a cost to not being competitive as long as your neighbor is also not being competitive.”
Learning and memory appear to be important for kin recognition in animals, but this isn’t an option for plants, she noted.
Some researchers speculate(猜测) that plants communicate through their roots, identifying themselves using tiny chemical signatures specific to each plant’s family.
()6.What’s the main idea of the message?
A．Studies find plants can recognize, communicate with relatives.
B．Kin selection is important for plants.
C．Animals can recognize and memorize their relatives.
D．Competition asks plants to recognize their relatives.
()7.Which of the following is NOT right about animals’ social skill?
A．Animals can recognize and memorize their relatives.
B．Animals’ social skill is to cooperate and share resources.
C．Animals’ social skill can recognize close relatives in order to work together.
D．Animals’ social skill is no use at all.
()8.Plants’ kin selection is to ________.
A．grow well
B．compete with other kinds of plants
C．strengthen the relationship among siblings
D．find which one is the best
()9.From the passage，we learn that ________.
A．sea rocket is a South American species
B．sea rocket grows aggressively alongside unrelated neighbors
C．sea rocket grows aggressively alongside its siblings
D．sea rocket is a kind of bush without flowers
()10.How can the plants communicate with each other according to experts’ suppose?
A．Plants communicate by using tiny chemical signatures specific to each plant’s family.
B．Plants communicate with each other through their roots.
C．Plants communicate with each other by their leaves.
D．Plants communicate with each other with their flowers.
(一)
本文是科普说明文。科学家经过研究发现：和动物一样，植物也有亲属选择的习性，同时排挤其他种类植物。同时介绍了同系植物之间不竞争的原因、作用以及交流方式。
6．A 主旨大意题。全文说明研究发现：植物也可以辨别亲属，和亲属交流共生而和其他植物生长在一起时则疯狂排挤竞争。
7．D 细节理解题。从第二段可以判断出动物的社会能力非常有用，是为了合作，为了共享资源，而不是没用。
8．B 细节理解题。从倒数第三段看出，植物的亲属判断力是为了竞争。
9．B 推理判断题。倒数第五段提到sea rocket和其他种类的植物长在一起时根系发达，具有侵略性，这是为了和其他植物竞争，夺取更多的资源。
10．B 细节理解题。最后一段说明科学家猜测植物之间的交流可能是用根进行的，用微小的化学成分去验明是否是亲属。
In the early days of the United States，children were not required by law to attend school.School calendars depended on local needs.
Students in rural areas went to school for no more than six months of the year—half in the summer，half in the winter.They worked on family farms during the other months.
City schools were often open much longer，some for eleven months of the year.Parents were happy to have a place for their children to go while they worked.
National leaders took a fresh look at schools after the Civil War in the 1860s.They saw a free public education as a way to help support a strong democracy(民主政治) and prepare workers for new industries.Immigration was increasing and so was the student population.
More and more people saw the need for a system of required education.But they had different ideas for the calendar.
Many city schools wanted a shorter year and a longer summer break.The schools were often crowded.There was no modern air conditioning，and air pollution from factories was a problem.Hot days would make it difficult to learn.A long summer break would also give teachers time for other jobs to add to their low pay.
Many rural educators，however，pushed for a longer school year.They thought it would keep children safe from industrial dangers at a time when there were few childlabor laws.They also thought it would lead to a better prepared workforce.
So the traditional school calendar was a compromise，with roots that now go back about a century and a half.The average school year used to be 170 days.Times have not changed much.Today the common average is 180 days.
But some experts think the traditional school calendar needs to change because the needs of the nation have changed.This thinking has led some schools to keep students in class longer.
1．Why were city schools often open much longer than the schools in rural areas in the early days?
A．Because children in rural areas were not required by law to attend school.
B．Because children in city schools often had more subjects to study.
C．Because parents in cities preferred their children to stay at schools while they worked.
D．Because hot days would make it difficult to learn in rural schools.
2．The underlined phrase “pushed for” in the seventh paragraph probably means
A．struggled for
B．went against
C．agreed onD．called off
3．From the last paragraph we can infer that
A．experts have reached an agreement on the traditional school calendar
B．some rural schools have already kept students in class longer
C．national leaders of the United States will change the traditional school calendar
D．with the needs of the nation changing，the school year will get longer
4．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．The system of required education was carried out after the 1860s.
B．Short school year would give teachers time for other jobs to earn more money.
C．Long school year would also protect children from industrial dangers at the time.
D．Today the common average school year has changed much than before.
1．As we got there，the family was in front of us，with one person in between. (完形填空第二段)
当我们到那儿(收款处)时，那家人已经在我们前面了，中间只隔了一个人。
(1)The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand.
老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书。
(2)He lay on the grass，with his eyes fixed on the sky.
他躺在草地上，眼睛看着天空。
2．I have given selflessly before，and there is not a better feeling in the whole world! (完形填空最后一段)
我曾经无私地付出过，世界上没有比这更好的感觉了！
(1)Your story is perfect; I’ve never heard a better one before.
你的故事很精彩，我以前从没听过比这更好的故事了。
(2)—Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
——晚会上玩得高兴吗？
—Yes，I’ve never been to a more exciting one before.
——是的，我以前从来没有参加过这么令人激动的晚会。
3．Immigration was increasing and so was the student population.(阅读理解第四段)
移民数量在增加，学生数量也在增加。
(1)You have helped her，and so has she.
你帮助过她，她也帮助过你。
(2) She respected me and so did I.
她尊重我，我也尊重她。
4．Hot days would make it difficult to learn. (阅读理解第六段)
炎热的天气使得学习很难进行。
(1)I find it quite necessary to make some changes.
我认为作出一些改变是非常必要的。
(2)I consider it advisable to tell her beforehand.Ⅱ. 1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D
(201*·浙江卷)
Although I love my life, it hasn't been a lot of fun as I've been ill for 28 years.
Music has always been a great love of mine and, in my 20s, when my __1__ was more manageable, I __2__ ten years as a professional singer in restaurants, playing and singing folk songs. __3__ that was years ago and times have changed. __4__ I live with my mother on a country farm.
Two years ago, I decided that I would need to have some kind of extra work to __5__ my disability pension (残疾抚恤金)．__6__ I needed to sleep in the afternoons, I was limited in my___7__. I decided that I would consider __8__ to singing in restaurants.
My family are all musicians, so I was
__9__ when I went into our local music store. I explained that I wanted to sing again but using recorded karaoke music. I knew that discs were very expensive and I really didn't have a lot of __10__ to get started. And __11__ you find only three to four songs out of ten on a disc that you can __12__ use.
When I told the owner of the shop about my __13__， he gave me a long, thoughtful __14__. “This means a lot to you, doesn't it？” he said. “Come with me.”
He led me __15__ the crowded shop and to a bench with a large professional karaoke box on it. He placed his large hand __16__ on his treasure and said. “I have 800 karaoke songs in here. You can take your __17__ and I'll record them for you. That should get you started.”
I __18__. Thanking him, I made a time with him to listen to all the songs and choose __19__ that I could sing. I have come full circle with his help.
His __20__ still warms my heart and makes me do just that bit extra, when I have the chance.
本文是故事类。作者尽管疾病缠身，依然热爱生活，努力享受音乐人生。自己资金短缺，后经一位好心的音乐器材店老板的帮助，终于心想事成。
1．A.loneliness
B．sadness
C．tiredness
D．sickness
答案：D。由第一句话中I've been ill for 28 years可知此处用sickness“疾病”。 loneliness孤独；sadness
悲伤； tiredness疲倦。
2．A.set
B．enjoyed
C．kept
D．shared
答案：B。文章说：当我的病情能更好的控制住时，我在一家饭店享有(enjoy)了10年的专业歌手生涯。set 确定； kept 保持；shared分享，不合题意。
3．A.Gladly
B．Eventually
C．Unfortunately
D．Surprisingly
答案：C。由后文I live with mother on a country farm 可知，作者喜欢的音乐生活成为过去，这自然是令人遗憾的事。gladly 高兴地；eventually 最终，终于； unfortunately令人遗憾的是，不幸的是；
surprisingly令人吃惊的是。C项符合语境。
4．A.Now
B．Then
C．Sometime
D．Meanwhile
答案：A。由后文I live with mother on a country farm 的一般现在时态可知，此处用时间副词now “现在”。 排除then 那时； sometime在某时；meanwhile同时。
5．A.add up to
B．make up for
C．get rid of
D．take advantage of
答案：B。根据上下文可知，作者决定再做点事填补(make up for)她的残疾抚恤金。add up to 共计达；make up for补偿，填补 ；弥补；get rid of 摆脱；take advantage of趁机利用。显然B项符合题意。
6．A.If
B．As
C．Though
D．Before
答案：B。作者因为(as)自身状况下午得睡觉休息，所以自己的选择是受限制的。if 如果；
as因为 ；though
尽管；
before在……之前。
7．A.movement
B．condition
C．choices
D．positions
答案：C。作者想做点事，但是身体情况使她选择(choices)受限 。movement运动，活动；condition状况，条件； choice选择；position形式，位置。C项符合语境。
8．A.reaching out
B．living up
C．getting on
D．going back
答案：D。前文提到过作者在一家饭店享有了10年的专业歌手生涯，结合本句中to singing in restaurants可知，作者打算再回(going back)饭店唱歌。reach out 伸出； live up快乐生活；get on进展 ；出人头地 ; 登(车)；上(马) ；go back回到，回去。
9．A.recognized
B．interviewed
C．found
D．invited
答案：A。根据上下文可知，作者一家人是音乐家，所以她来到当地一家音乐器材店时就被认出了(recognize)。 recognize认出，识别 ; 正式承认；认可 ；interview 面试，采访；find 发现；
invite邀请。
10．A.money
B．time
C．energy
D．knowledge
答案：A。由前句I knew that discs were very expensive(唱片昂贵)可知，作者在此说自己没有多少钱(money)。
11．A.thus
B．once
C．seldom
D．often
答案：D。而且作者觉得一张唱片常常(often)仅三四张对她来说有实际(actually)用处。thus所以； once 曾经，一旦； seldom
很少；
often常常。
12．A.actually
B．hardly
C．nearly
D．formerly
答案：A。actually实际上，事实上； hardly 几乎不； nearly 几乎 ;
formerly以前，从前。根据上下文可知A项正确。
13．A.job
B．family
C．idea
D．offer
答案：C。作者向店主表明了来意。job工作；family 家，家庭；idea想法，念头； offer提供，提议。C项符合题意。
14．A.face
B．view
C．look
D．sight
答案：C。作者表明了来意时，店主深思地看了她一会儿。face脸，面部；view视野，视域；look看，脸色；眼神；表情； sight视力；景色。C项正确。
15．A.over
B．along
C．towards
D．through
答案：D。然后店主领着作者穿过(through)拥挤的商店来到放着一大堆专业卡拉OK 盒子的长凳旁。over在……之上，在正上方 ；(覆盖)在……上面 ; 越过……(带有弧度的事物);
along
沿着； towards 朝着； through穿过(空间)。
16．A.unhappily
B．lovingly
C．pitifully
D．gratefully
答案：B。unhappily 不高兴地；lovingly钟爱地；深情地; pitifully可怜地；gratefully感激地，感谢地。根据上下文可知B项正确。
17．A.pick
B．turn
C．role
D．step
答案：A。店主告诉作者选出自己最喜欢的歌曲，然后他为她录制。pick选择(权);
turn转动，旋转 ; 转向，转弯；折回；次序；顺序；role 角色，作用；step步骤。A项符合语境。
18．A.had to cry
B．ought to cry
C．should have cried
D．could have cried
答案：D。A不得不哭；B应该哭；C本来应该哭；D可能感动得要哭了。根据语境可知D项正确。
19．A.more
B．the ones
C．few
D．the rest
答案：B。谢过店主之后，作者听了所有的歌，然后选出了她能唱的那些歌(the ones)。
20．A.courage
B．devotion
C．kindness
D．trust
答案：C。本文是关于一位残疾人在热心人的帮助下重新开始自己心爱的歌唱事业的情感故事。courage 勇气；
devotion 投入；奉献；热忱
; kindness 好心；善良，亲切；仁慈，友好行为，和蔼
;
trust信任。根据上下文不难看出C项正确。
TODAY, Friday, November 12
JAZZ with the Mike Thomas Jazz Band at The Derby Arms. Upper Richmond Road West, Sheen.
DISCO Satin Sounds Disco. Free at The Lord Napier, Mort lake High St., from 8a. m. to 8p. m. Tel: 682—1158.
SATURDAY, November 13
JAZZ Lysis at The Bull’s Head, Barnes. Admission 60p.
MUSICAL HALL at The Star and Garter, Lower Richmond Road, Putney, provided by the Aba Daba Music Hall company. Good food and entertainment fair price. Tel: 789—6749.
FAMILY night out? Join the sing-along at The Black Horse. Sheen Road, Richmond.
JAZZ The John Bennett Big Band at The Bull’s Head, Barnes. Admission 80p.
THE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road West, give you Joe on the electric accordion(手风琴). Tel: 789—4536
SUNDAY, November 14
DISCO Satin Sounds Disco, free at The Lord Napier, Mort Lake High Street, from 8 a. m. to 8 p. m.
FOLK MUSIC at The Derby Arms. The Short Stuff and residents the Norman Chop Trio. Non-remembers 70p. Tel: 688—4626.
HEAVY MUSIC with Tony Simon at The Bull, Upper Richmond Road West, East Sheen.
THE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road West, give you Joe on the electric accordion.
40. Where and when can you hear the Norman Chop Trio?
A. At the Derby Arms on Sunday.
B. At the Bull’s Head on Sunday.
C. At the Bull on Saturday.
D. At the Black Horse on Saturday.
41. You want to enjoy the electric accordion on Saturday. Which telephone number do you have to ring to find out what time it starts?
A. 789—6749.
B. 789—4536.
C. 682—1158.
D. 688—4626.
42.You want to spend the Saturday by joining the entertainment with your family.
Where should you go?
A. Disco at The Lord Napier.
B. Jazz at The Bull’s Head
C. The electric accordion at The Derby Arms.
D. The sing-along at The Black Horse.
参考答案-----------ABD
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