福建省2014高考英语一轮复习 作业手册（15）（含解析）新人教版

　　福建省2014高考英语（新人教版）一轮复习作业手册（15）附详细解析

　　课时作业(十五)　[必修3　Unit 5 Canada—“The True North”](限时：45分钟)Ⅰ.完形填空

　　Generally，a computer is any device that can perform numerical calculations.__1__，however，the term usually refers to an electronic device that can __2__a series of tasks according to a __3__set of instructions.

　　In 1953 there were only about 100 computers in use in the __4__world.Today hundreds of millions of computers are being used in homes，schools，businesses，government offices，and universities for almost every __5__purpose.

　　Modern desktop personal computers，or

　　PCs，are many times more __6__than the huge，million­dollar business computers of the 1960s and 1970s.Most PCs can perform from 400 million to several billion __7__per second.These computers are used not only for household __8__and personal entertainment，but also for most of the automated tasks __9__by small businesses.The fastest desktop computers are called workstations，and they are __10__used for scientific，engineering，or advanced business __11__.

　　The speed and power of supercomputers，the fastest class of computer，are almost beyond human comprehension，and their

　　__12__are continually being __13__.The fastest of these machines can perform more than 7 trillion and theoretically can run more than 12 trillion­operations per second and can store 6 trillion characters in its memory，allowing it to do the work of thousands of PCs.Supercomputers __14__these speeds through the use of several advanced engineering techniques.Because they can cost billions of dollars and because they can be large enough to cover the size of two basketball courts—supercomputers are used __15__by government agencies and large research centers.

　　1．A.CurrentlyB．Consequently

　　C．Certainly

　　D．Clearly

　　解析：选A。Currently目前。该句的意思是：一般来说，任何可以执行数字计算的装置都可以称为计算机。但是，现在，这个词一般是指能够按照一系列精确的指令执行一系列任务的电子装置。B.Consequently“后来”；C.Certainly“当然”；D.Clearly“很明显地”。从逻辑关系上来看，只有Currently最合适。

　　2．A.perform

　　B．conduct

　　C．achieve

　　D．fulfill

　　解析：选A。perform“做；执行；表演；指挥；操作”；B.conduct“行为；处理；引导；指挥；导电”；C.achieve“完成，达到”；D.fulfill“实践，履行，实行，结束，满足，完成，达到”，只有A符合文意。

　　3．A.rigid

　　B．serious

　　C．precise

　　D．harsh

　　解析：选C。precise精确的，准确的，符合文意。A.rigid“刚硬的，刚性的，严格的”；B.serious“严肃的；认真的”；D.harsh“严厉的；残酷的；无情的”。

　　4．A.entire

　　B．completeC．total

　　D．general

　　解析：选A。该句的意思是：在1953年，全世界只有大约100台计算机。“全世界”用entire world。B.complete强调“完整性”；C.total强调“合计，总计”；D.general“一般的，普通的，综合的，概括的，全面的，大体的”。

　　5．A.perceptive

　　B．possible

　　C．inevitable

　　D．imaginary

　　解析：选B。possible“可能的，想得到的，可想象的”，符合题意。A.perceptive“感觉敏锐的；观察入微的”；C.inevitable“不可避免的，必然的”；D.imaginary“假想的，想象的，虚构的”，均与题意不符。

　　6．A.powerful

　　B．larger

　　C．clever

　　D．smaller

　　解析：选A。many times more powerful，该句的意思是：现代的台式个人计算机，或者PC，比二十世纪六十年代和七十年代那些巨型的，价值数百万的商用计算机功能强大很多倍。

　　7．A.exercises

　　B．missions

　　C．errands

　　D．operations

　　解析：选D。该句的意思是：大多数个人电脑每秒可以实现四亿到几十亿次的运转。和perform搭配的名词，四个选项中，operation最恰当。A.exercise“练习，习题”；B.mission“特使团；任务”；C.errand“差事，差使，使命”，不合题意。

　　8．A.management

　　B．execution

　　C．application

　　D．manipulation

　　解析：选A。该句的意思是：这些电脑不仅用于家庭管理和个人娱乐，而且用于企业多数的自动完成的任务。management“经营，管理，处理，操纵”，符合题意。B.execution“实行，完成，执行，死刑”；C.application“请求，申请，申请表，应用，运用”；D.manipulation“处理，操作，操纵，被操纵”。

　　9．A.claimed

　　B．necessitated

　　C．required

　　D．requested

　　解析：选C。required“需要”，根据句意用require最恰当。A.claim“(根据权利)要求，认领，声称，主张”；B.necessitated“使需要；使成为必需；”D.request“要求；请求”。

　　10．A.inclusively

　　B．generally

　　C．totally

　　D．entirely

　　解析：选B。该句的意思是：最快的计算机被称为工作站。它们一般被用于科学，工程，或者高级商务。B.generally“一般地，通常地”符合题意。A.inclusively“包含地，在内地”；C.totally“完全地”；D.entirely“彻底地；完全地”。

　　11．A.employments

　　B．exercises

　　C．usages

　　D．applications

　　解析：选D。applications“应用”，usage一般指语言的“使用，用法”。

　　12．A.capabilities

　　B．qualifications

　　C．skills

　　D．vacancies

　　解析：选A。该句的意思：它们的性能还在日新月异地改进。capability“(实际)能力，性能，容量，接受力”，符合题意。B.qualification“资格，条件，限制，限定，赋予资格”；C.skill“技能，技巧，熟练，巧妙(多用于人)”；D.vacancy“空，空白，空缺，空闲”。

　　13．A.propelled

　　B．boosted

　　C．improved

　　D．enriched

　　解析：选C。improved“提高”，“改进”，“改善”，符合题意。A.propel“推进，驱使”；B.boost“往上推；增加；提高”；D.enrich“使富足，使肥沃，使丰富”。

　　14．A.obtain

　　B．achieve

　　C．win

　　D．secure

　　解析：选B。该句的意思是：超级计算机是通过使用几种先进的工程技术实现这么快的速度的。“实现某种速度”，可以用achieve。

　　15．A.primarily

　　B．conditionally

　　C．initially

　　D．fundamentally

　　解析：选A。该句的意思是：因为它们可能价值数亿美元，同时也因为它们体积巨大，可以覆盖两个篮球场，超级计算机主要是政府机关和大型研究中心使用的。根据题意，选A。其他选项B.conditionally“有条件地”；C.initially“最初，开头”；D.fundamentally“基础地，根本地”。Ⅰ.单项填空________，people in Western countries can play jokes on others on April 1st.________Mr Smith has been ill seriously.

　　A．while

　　B．that

　　C．when

　　D．as

　　3．—It is burning hot！Could I take a shower here?，________no person ________ Tom could finish this tough task in such a short time.

　　A．better than

　　B．rather than

　　C．other than

　　D．more than

　　5．I was impressed ________ his huge feet ________ approximately 1 foot 8 inches.

　　A．in; measuring

　　B．about; measuredmeasuring

　　D．for; measured ________ with the quality of your goods, I will certainly not advise others to buy them.

　　A．to impress

　　B．impressing________ easily if ________ on a table.

　　A．measures; spreading

　　B．measures; spread

　　C．will be measured; spread

　　D．is measured; spreaded

　　8．________by beautiful green mountains and situated at the foot of Huangshan Mountain makes Taiping Lake a famous tourist attraction.

　　A．Surrounded

　　B．Being surrounded

　　C．Having been surrounded

　　D．Surrounding

　　9．Remember, better health ________ in feet. Walk more, feel the difference!

　　A．measures

　　B．has measured

　　C．is measured

　　D．was measured

　　10．—We are afraid we can't finish the task ________ a month.

　　—Take your time, but next month you'll have a new one.

　　A．within

　　B．by

　　C．among

　　D．after

　　11．With the end of his career in ________， Armstrong was already looking forward to spending some days at the beach with his family.d accept the job，so we have asked him to________，the Earth looks like a blue ball，with ________ 75% of its surface covered with water.________to know how important the family was for him.

　　A．did he begin

　　B．had he begun________her leg was wounded，she________managed to get

　　B．In spite of; succeeded getting

　　C．Although; managed getting

　　D．Although; managed to get

　　Ⅱ.阅读理解

　　Some unusual words describe how a person spends his or her time. For example, someone who likes to spend a lot of time sitting or lying down while watching television is sometimes called a couch potato. A couch is a piece of furniture that people sit on while watching television.

　　Robert Armstrong, an artist from California, developed the term “couch potato” in 1976. Several years later, he listed the term as a trademark with the United States government. Mr Armstrong also helped write a funny book about life as a full­time television watcher. It is called the Official Couch Potato Handbook.

　　Couch potatoes enjoy watching television just as mouse potatoes enjoy working on computers. A computer mouse is the device that moves the pointer, or cursor on a computer screen. The description of mouse potato became popular in 1993. American writer Alice Kahn is said to have invented the term to describe young people who spend a lot of time using computers.

　　Too much time inside the house using a computer or watching television can cause someone to get cabin fever. A cabin is a simple house usually built far away from the city. People go to a cabin to relax and enjoy quiet time.

　　Cabin fever is not really a disease. However, people can experience boredom and restlessness if they spend too much time inside their homes. This is especially true during the winter when it is too cold or snowy to do things outside. Often children get cabin fever if they cannot go outside to play. So do their parents. This happens when there is so much snow that schools and even offices and stores are closed.

　　Some people enjoy spending a lot of time in their homes to make them nice places to live. This is called nesting or cocooning. Birds build nests out of sticks to hold their eggs and baby birds. Some insects build cocoons around themselves for protection while they grow and change. Nests and cocoons provide security for wildlife. So people like the idea of nests and cocoons, too.

　　The terms cocooning and nesting became popular more than twenty years ago. They describe people buying their first homes and filling them with many things. These people then had children.

　　Now these children are grown璾p and have left the nest. Th ey are in college. Or they are married and starting families of their own far away.Now these parents are living alone without children in their empty nests. They have become empty nesters.

　　16．Which of the following was first used?

　　A．Couch potato.

　　B．Cocooning.

　　C．Mouse potato.

　　D．Nesting.

　　17．________refers to a person who spends much time on computer.

　　A．A couch potato

　　B．A nester

　　C．A mouse potato

　　D．An empty nester

　　18．Why can most people easily get cabin fever in winter?

　　A．Because they are addicted to computer games.

　　B．Because they would like to play outside.

　　C．Because it is so cold that they couldn't go outside.

　　D．Because they are too busy at work or school.

　　19．What's the passage mainly about?

　　A．How to get rid of cabin fever.

　　B．How people become nesters or empty nesters.

　　C．How to spend your leisure time.

　　D．The origin of some words.

　　B

　　German researchers said older people tend to be portrayed negatively in society. Although they are often described as wise, they are also shown as being slow and forgetful.

　　“Living in a youth centered culture, they may appreciate a boost in self­esteem.That's why they prefer the negative stories about younger people, who are seen as having a higher status in our society，” said Dr Silvia Knobloch­Westerwick，of Ohio State University.of Zeppelin University in Friedrichshafen, Germany, studied 276 German adults, including 178 aged 18 to 30 and 98 between 55 and 60. Their findings are published in the journal Communication.

　　All the adults in the study were shown what they were led to believe was a test version of a new online news magazine.They were also given limited time to look over either a negative or a positive version of 10 pre­selected articles.

　　Each story was also paired with a photograph depicting(描绘) someone of either the younger or the older age group.more likely to choose to read negative articles about those younger than themselves. They also tended to show less interest in articles about older people, whether negative or positive.

　　But younger people preferred to read positive articles about other young people.

　　According to Knobloch­Westerwick, older people's preference for negative news about their younger counterparts can be explained by their place in society.

　　“Everybody likes a self­esteem boost. For young people, though, it's almost automatic. Youth is considered important in society，” she said.

　　After reading the articles, the participants completed a questionnaire designed to measure levels of self­esteem. Unlike their younger counterparts, the self­esteem of older people rose after they read a negative article about younger people.

　　Although the study was done in Germany, Knobloch­Westerwick believes nationality and the national characteristics are not important.

　　20．What do older people think of themselves, according to the text?

　　A．They are behind the times.

　　B．They are always forgetful.

　　C．Their self­esteem is challenged in a youth centered culture.

　　D．They should have a higher status than the young in society.

　　21．What can be learned from the study?

　　A．The old enjoy reading negative stories about the young.

　　B．The old are interested in negative articles about other old people.

　　C．The old are likely to read positive articles about other old people.

　　D．The young like reading negative articles about other young people.

　　22．According to Knobloch­Westerwick, if a similar study were done in other countries, ________．

　　A．the result would be unreasonable

　　B．the result would be quite different

　　C．the findings would be completely the same

　　D．much the same result would be found

　　Ⅲ.书面表达是一个致力于消除家长和孩子之间沟通障碍的网站。假设你叫David，是一名中学生，在该网站兼职。请你针对Katherine(一位高考考生的母亲)提1.劝Katherine不要焦虑，并说明原因；站在学生的角度给她建议。要求：1.词数：120左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：family ties 亲情

　　Katherine 20：00 Jan. 21st, 2012，I am getting more and more anxious about my son's studies. However, I am always wondering what I can do to help him. Could you please give me some suggestions？

　　David 9：30 Jan. 22nd, 2012，bring out an easier time in your family during your son's preparation for his college entrance exam.

　　参考答案

　　课时作业(十五)　句意：按照传统风俗，西方人在4月1日可以开他人的玩笑。tradition传统。 system系统；history历史；habit习惯。　这是一个同位语从句。that引导的从句作news的同位语，解释news的具体内容，且从句的意义完整。　go ahead常用来表示许可，意思是“尽管做好了；大胆去做吧”。　考查固定短语的含义。句意：在我们组，除了汤姆没有人能在如此短的时间内完成这个艰巨的任务。better than比……好；rather than而不是；other than除了；more than多于……，不止……。空格前的no person表明是要将汤姆除外，故选C。be impressed with…对……留有深刻印象；feet与measure存在着主动的关系。句意：我对他那两只量起来接近有一英尺八英寸的大脚留有深刻印象。　考查非谓语动词。句意：对你们产品的质量印象不佳，我当然不会建议其他人购买。impress sb with sth 表示“给某人留下深刻印象”，I与impress之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词短语作状语。　考查　考查非谓语动词。作主语，要用动名词形式，由语境可知，这里指的是太平湖被青山环绕，所以用being done结构。　考查动词的语态。此处health与measure之间为动宾关系。句意：记住：较好的健康以步行来衡量。多走路，的确感觉不一样！　考查介词。within“在……里；在……之内”，后常接表示某个特定范围的名词。within a month在一个月内。　考查短语辨析。句意：随着职业生涯的即将结束，阿姆斯特朗开始期待同家人一起在海滩度过一段日子。in view看得见；in range在射程内；in reach能力所及；in sight看得见，在望，临近。　考查动词词义辨析。confirm证实(有某事)；证明；prove证明(某事的真假、正误等)；sign写下；签字announce宣布。句意：他说将接受这份工作，因此我们就要求他以书面的形式加以确认。　考查副词辨析。由句意“地球表面大约有75%被水所覆盖”可知答案。approximately大约。　考查倒装结构。not until用于句首，主句应用部分倒装结构。句意：直到离开了家他才开始知道家庭对他有多么的重要。　句意：尽管她的腿受伤了，她还是爬上了楼梯。in spite of“尽管；不顾”，为介词短语，其后只能接名词性短语、代词或what引导的句子。manage to do sth“想方设法做成某事”。本文着重介绍了英语中一些词的来历。　细节理解题。由第二段第一句Robert Armstrong, an artist from California, developed the term“couch potato” in 1976可知，couch potato是在1976年第一次被使用，因此A项正确。第三段第三句The description of mouse potato became popular in 1993.告诉我们mouse potato在1993年才流行，倒数第二段告诉我们cocooning和nesting是20多年前才开始流行的。　细节理解题。由第三段第一句Couch potatoes enjoy watching television just as mouse potatoes enjoy working on computers.可知答案。　细节理解题。由第五段第三句This is especially true during the winter when it is too cold or snowy to do things outside.可知答案。　主旨大意题。根据本文主要内容可知答案。研究人员发现，在当今以年轻人为中心的社会中，老年人的自尊受到挑20．C　推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的Living in a youth centered culture，they may appreciate a boost in self­esteem.可推知答案。　细节理解题。根据文章第六段中的The researchers found that older people were more likely to choose to read negative articles about those younger than themselves.可知答案。　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的信息…believes nationality and the national characteristics are not important.可知答案。：　9：30 Jan. 222012

　　Dear Katherine，but it is not the only challenge we'll have to face. As a senior student myself, I think there are several things you can do for your son. First of all, get to know what he is interested in and help him set a proper goal. Besides, believe in him and encourage him to believe in himself. Lastly, please spare some time to listen to him. The more he communicates with others, the less pressure he'll have.

　　I hope what is suggested above will bring out an easier time in your family during your son's preparation for his college entrance exam.