福建省2014高考英语（新人教版）一轮复习作业手册（12）附详细解析
课时作业(十二) [必修3 Unit 2 Healthy eating](限时：35分钟)1．(山东省实验中学诊断)—Is Tony the student awarded at the graduation ceremony in your class?
—There is __________ Tony，but I’m afraid he isn’t __________ one you mentioned.
A．the；theB．a；a
C．/；the
D．a；the
解析：选D。考查冠词用法。答句句意：有一个名叫Tony的人，但恐怕不是你提到的那个人。第一空是泛指，第二空是特指，故选D。
2．(2012·山东省实验中学模拟)Quancheng Square is one of __________ largest in China，__________ second to Tian’anmen Square.
A．the；the
B．the；a
C．/；the
D．the；/
解析：选D。考查冠词。在形容词的最高级前面加the，表示特指；如果序数词后没有直接跟名词，则不需要加the。结合题意可知，应选D。
3．(2012·潍坊1月份训练)Call __________ steward over the next time you see him.I’m having __________ hard time with my seat belt.
A．/；the
B．the；a
C．a；/
D．/；a
解析：选B。考查冠词用法。第一空表示特指；time前有形容词修饰时用不定冠词a，have a hard time意为“度过困难时期”。故选B项。
4．(2012·青岛第二次统一检测)The incident turned him into __________ different person，even if he did not realize it at __________ beginning.
A．a；a
B．the；the
C．the；a
D．a；the
解析：选D。考查冠词用法。句意：这件事把他变成了一个不同的人，即使起初他并没有意识到这一点。第一空表示泛指，故用不定冠词a；at the beginning意为“从一开始”，是固定短语，所以第二空用定冠词the。故选D项。5．(2012·淄博模拟)It’s __________ second time in five days that he has asked me for __________ higher pay.
A．/；a
B．a；the
C．the；a
D．the；the
解析：选C。考查冠词用法。由语境知，这是五天里他第二次向“我”要求加薪，第一个空the用于序数词之前，表“第二次”；第二个空表泛指。故C项正确。
6．(2012·临沂质量检测)If I were in __________ position of the mayor，I wouldn’t allow __________ factory like this standing on the bank of the Yangtze River.
A．the；a
B．the；/
C．a；the
D．/；the
解析：选A。考查冠词。in the position of...为固定搭配，意为“处在……的位置”；第二空表示“允许一个像这样的工厂”，故用不定冠词a。即A项正确。
7．(2012·德州模拟)—Have you seen __________ umbrella I left here?
—No，but I will keep __________ eye out for it if possible.
A．the；an
B．an；the
C．the；the
D．an；/
解析：选A。考查冠词用法。第一空“I left here”作先行词umbrella的定语从句，表特指，故用the；keep an eye out for意为“留意，当心”。故A项正确。
8．(2012·聊城模拟)Having lived in China for 8 years，Helen has a good __________ of both English and Chinese.
A．program
B．guidance
C．command
D．ability
解析：选C。考查名词词义辨析。program意为“计划；程序；节目”；guidance意为“指导”；command意为“命令；掌握”；ability意为“能力”。句意：Helen在中国生活了8年，因此他精通英语和中文。have a good command...意为“精通……”，符合题意。
9．(2012·合肥市第二次质量检测)Being able to speak another language fluently could be a great________ when you are looking for a job.
A．advantage
B．chance
C．assistance
D．importance
解析：选A。考查名词辨析。从句意“能够流利地讲一门外语在找工作时是一种优势。”可知选A项advantage“优势”。B项表示“机会”；C项表示“帮助，援助”；D项表示“重要性”，都与语意不符。
10．(2012·青岛第二次统一检测)We should bear in mind that social development and balance of nature should go in __________.
A．company
B．sympathy
C．association
D．harmony
解析：选D。考查介词in搭配的短语辨析。句意：我们要牢记社会发展和自然平衡保持一致。in harmony意为“和谐一致”，符合语境。in company意为“一同；一起”；in sympathy意为“同情；赞成”；in association意为“联合；有关联”。故选D项。
Ⅰ.单项填空________ the knowledge.
A．introduce
B．receive
C．digest
D．accept
2．Jennifer，who is my best friend，said she would go abroad to further her education ________[2012·四川卷] Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ________．cessful, but they may also ________ our thinking.
A．direct
B．limit
C．change
D．improve
5．I have a really bad headache，and I have to ________consult
B．remind
C．inform
D．adviseI know I ________．
A．ought to have
B．have to
C．should
D．must have
7．If he can ________ his ability with hard work，he should be very successful.y your meal very much.
—Not really, I am just ________．
A．on a diet
B．on diets
C．on purpose
D．on business
9．It's unfair that he________cheating because he's a famous author.
A．makes use of
B．gets away withthousands of people ________possessions in safe places they could not take with them.
A．threw away
B．put away________their carbon emission to reduce greenhouse effect.
A．cut off
B．cut up
C．cut out
D．cut down
12．As we all know，Mike has an excellent understanding of his own ________energy
13．—Are you satisfied with what she has done?
—Not a little. It can't be ________．
A．any worse
B．any better
C．so well
D．so bad
14．I have a lot ________ in the coming weekend, so I can't spare any time to have a rest.
A．completing
B．to complete
C．completed
D．being completed
15．More and more Chinese people have realized that they should go on ________ balanced diet and do ________ exercise every day.
A．a; /
B．the; anthe
D．/; an阅 with too much information that has little to do with their work, according to a new survey.
On average, whitecollar workers spend 51 percent of their work time receiving and processing information. Only one third of it was relevant to their work, the survey found. Information overload for whitecollar workers has become a global issue. The huge amount of information has already affected their efficiency in management as well as their performance at work.
Buried with e璵ails
Every morning, na secretary at the human resources department of an auto parts company opens her email box, only to find it crammed with at least 50 unread mails.For her, even scanning through these e璵ails every day takes at least half an hour. Some of her colleagues are niot so lucky—they have to read at least 100.
Bothered with calls
Telephone calls are also causing a problem. More than 40 percent whitecollar workers choose mobile phones as the preferred way to communicate important and urgent business matters. Talking saves time and energy over the clicking, reading and replying to emails, but phone calls are also more distracting(分心的). While answering a call, a clerk is likely to put away a much more important task at hand and start the business being talked about on the phone. Not yet
Many companies start with providing staff with better computers, better Internet access and more advanced gadgets(小装置). For example, staff members above a certain level in one company will be provided with a blackberry phone for easier access to their emails. The company has also organized many lectures on efficient ways of email management. Yet most whitecollar workers think their companies can do more.
16．What does the new survey find about whitecollar workers?
A．They spend 51 percent of their work time on meetings.
B．Only half of the information they receive is useful.
C．Over 60 percent of them prefer to use the telephone.
D．Some of them have to read at least 100 emails every day.
17．Telephone calls cause a problem because ________．
A．they take up the time to receive and send emails
B．they are often not answered
C．they are mostly not about business
D．they may lead to change of work schedule
18．How do some companies try to solve the problem of information overload?
A．They start to give staff a pay rise.
B．They plan to employ more people.
C．They provide employees with more advanced equipment.
D．They organize lectures on how to reduce stress.
19．What is the major issue discussed in this text?
A．Poor management leads to inefficiency at work.
B．Junk mail is causing big trouble.
C．Whitecollar workers suffer from information overload.
D．Better computers are in need in workplaces.
B
Scientists who try to predict earthquakes have gotten some new helpers recently—animals.
That's right, animals. Scientists have begun to understand what farmers have known for thousands of years. Animals often seem to know in advance that an earthquake is coming, and they show their fear by acting in strange ways. Before a Chinese quake in 1975, snakes awoke from their winter sleep early only to freeze to death in the cold air. Cows broke their halters(缰绳) and tried to escape.Chickens refused to enter their cage. All of this unusual behavior, as well as physical changes in the earth, warned Chinese scientists of the coming quake. They moved people away from the danger zone and saved thousands of lives.
One task for scientists today is to learn exactly which types of animal behavior predict quakes. It's not an easy job. First of all, not every animal reacts to the danger of an earthquake. Just before a California quake in 1977, for example, an Arabian horse became very nervous and tried to break out of his enclosure. The Australian horse next to him, however, remained perfectly calm. It's also difficult at times to tell the difference between normal animal restlessness and “earthquake nerves”．A zoo keeper once called earthquake researchers, saying that his cougar had been acting strangely. It turned out that the cat had an upset stomach.
A second task for scientists is to find out exactly what kind of warnings the animals receive. They know that animals sense far more of the world than humans do. Many animals can see, hear, and smell things that people do not even notice. Some can sense tiny changes in air pressure, gravity, or the magnetism of the earth. This extra sense probably helps animals predict quakes.
A good example of this occurred with a group of dogs. They were shut in an area that was being shaken by a series of tiny earthquakes.(Several small quakes often come before or after a large one.) Before each quake a low booming sound was heard. Each boom caused the dogs to bark wildly. Then the dogs began to bark during a silent period. A scientist who was recording quakes looked at his machine. It was acting as though there were a loud noise too. The scientist realized that the dogs had reacted to a booming noise. They also sensed the tiny quakes that followed it. The machine recorded both, though humans felt and heard nothing.
In this case there was a machine to monitor what the dogs were sensing. Many times, however, our machines record nothing extraordinary, even though animals know a quake is coming. The animals might be sensing something we measure but do not recognize as a warning.Discovering what animals sense, and learning how they know it is a danger signal, is a job for future scientists.
20．Through the passage the writer hopes to explore ________．
A．why animals send a danger signal before an earthquake
B．how animals know when an earthquake is coming
C．why animals not humans have a good sense of danger
D．how much animals know about an earthquake
21．During an earthquake in China in 1975 ________．
A．chickens refused to go out of their cage
B．snakes were frozen to death in their caves
C．snakes awoke from their winter sleep earlier
D．cows broke their halters and escaped from their sheds
22．Which of the following is one of earthquake nerves according to the passage?
A．An Arabian horse tried to escape from his enclosure.
B．A cougar had an upset stomach unexpectedly.
C．An Australian horse was perfectly calm.
D．A cat acted very strangely in a zoo.
23．The scientists did an experiment with a group of dogs to ________．nimals send
Ⅲ.短文填词，you asked me something about how to keep healthy. Here are my tips. First 24.________ all, try to keep a 25.________ (平衡) diet. Every day, you'd better eat different kinds of food, ________ as fish, meat and beans, 27.e________ fresh vegetables and fruits. Also, do remember not to eat too much 28.________ (糖) for your age. Secondly, ________ regular exercise is necessary for you. You can do sports which 30.________ (适合) yourself, like running and swimming. Thirdly, be sure that you have ________ of sleep. Never stay up late. 32.F________， always be optimistic about anything unlucky ________ comes your way so you can stay in a good mood for the challenges in life.
Best wishes!
Yours，ua
参考答案
课时作业(十二) 考查动词辨析。句意：一个好老师应该digest消化；introduce介绍；receive收到；accept接受。 考查短语辨析。before long意为“不久以后，很快”，通常用于将来时态的句子中作时间状语。long before意为“很久以前”或“在……之前很长时间”，long是副词，而before既可作介词(后接名词或代词)、连词(后接句子)也可作副词(不接句子成分)，通常用于一般过去时的句子中。shortly after意为“……之后不久”。very fast 考查非谓语动词。此题中使役动词get后接的宾语car与作宾语补足语的动词wash之间为被动关系，构成短语：get sth done。故答案选A。句意：在驱车进城之前，你必须将你的车洗了。 考查动词辨析。句意：如果我们想要获得成功，知识和学习很重要。但是它们或许会限制我们的思维。direct指示， 指引，导演(戏剧或电影)；指挥(管弦乐队)；limit限制；change改变；improve改进，改善。根据句中but的转折，选B。 句意：我头痛得很厉害，我必须找个医生咨询一下。consult咨询，请教，商量。 考查省略用法。在含有ought to句子的简略回答中， 表示过去动作的have不能省略。 考查动词辨析。句意：如果他能把自己的才能和勤奋结合起来，必定会很成功。combine…with…把……和……结合起 考查固定搭配。on a diet 节食。 考查动词短语辨析。get away with 逃脱惩罚。make use of 利用；get rid of 除掉；end up with 以……而告终。 考查动词短语辨析。throw away 扔掉； put away 收起来； give away 泄露(秘密)，捐献； carry away 拿走。 考查动词短语辨析。cut down 削减。 cut up 切碎； cut off 切断；cut out 切除。A 句意：众所周知，迈克相当清楚他自己的优缺点。strength强项，长处，与weakness相对应。value价值；technique技术；energy精力，能量。 考查形容词辨析。句意：——你对她所做的事情感到满意吗？——非常满意，她做得再好不过了。 not a little 非常，所以下文应是“她做得再好不过了”。 better 与 not 连用表示最高级含义。 have sth to do 有某事要做； have sth done 让别人做某事。句意：即将到来的周末我有很多事要完成，因此我抽不出时间休息。故选B。 句意：越来越多的中国人已经意识到他们应该均衡饮食，每天锻炼身体。diet是可数名词，表示泛指要用不定冠词a，go on a diet表示“节食”。do exercise锻炼身体，exercise前不用冠词。白领是令人羡慕的一族，可是他们也有苦恼，与工作无关的海量信息让他们苦不堪言。 细节理解题。根据Buried with emails中的最后一句可知一些白领每天要阅读至少100封电子邮件。 推理判断题。Bothered with calls中的最后一句提到员工可能要放下更加重要的工作来处理电话事务，由此可推断打电 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段前半部分中的内容可知一些公司解决问题的办法是为员工提供更加先进的设备。 主旨大意题。本文是一篇调查报道，结合全文尤其是文章第一段的内容可知本文的主要内容是白领深受信息泛滥之苦。利用动物进行地震前的预测不失为一种好方法，种种事实表明，动物在地震之前往往先知先觉，他们的异常表现也许就是地震的征兆。 作者意图题。文章开门见山地指出科学家们找到了预测地震的帮手——动物，下文则详细分析了动物在地震前的异常反应，再结合最后一段中的内容可知作者希望探寻动物如何知道地震将要发生。 细节理解题。根据第二段中的内容可知在1975年发生在中国的一次地震中，蛇提前从冬眠中苏醒，结果被冻死。 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“…an Arabian horse became very nervous and tried to break out of his enclosure.”可判断A项正确。 推理判断题。第四段中提到动物的感觉比人类更敏锐，下文则用狗的实验进行例证，由此可推断C项正确。 25.balanced 26.such 27.especially 28.sugar 30.suit 31.plenty 32.Finally 33.that