Book 3 Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars
Ⅰ.联想记忆(根据提示写出相应的词汇以及相关短语)
1．bring_up抚养；培养；提出→bring out 阐明→bring_in引进；赚钱
2．permit vt.许可；n.通行证→permit_doing sth.允许做某事→permit sb.to_do sth.允许某人做某事
3．go_ahead可以；往下说→go up上升→go_against违背；对……不利→go in for参加；喜欢→go out (电灯)熄灭→go_with与……相配
4．account_for导致；做出解释→take sth. into account把……考虑在内
5．contrary n．反面→on_the_contrary正相反
6．take_a_chance冒险→take risks冒险
7．amount n．数量→a large amount of大量
8．genuine adj.真的；真诚的→fake adj.假的
9．rag n．破布→in_rags衣衫褴褛→in_red穿红衣服
10．as_for至于，关于→as to至于，关于
Ⅱ.构词记忆(根据提示写出相应的词汇及其派生词)
1．adventure n．冒险；奇遇→adventurous adj.冒险的
2．patient adj.有耐心的→patience n．耐心
3．believe vt. & vi.相信→unbelievable adj.难以置信的
Ⅲ.语境填词(根据提示用适当的单词或短语填空)
1．The police spotted(发现) a young woman on the scene(现场) of the accident.She screamed(尖声叫) at the police and her rude_manner(粗鲁的举止) attracted a lot of people.
2．As an author(作家)，he always has some novel(新奇的) ideas for his adventure(冒险) stories.
3．The salesman swore that anything fake(假的) wouldn’t be permitted(许可) in his shop, which was unbelievable(难以置信的)．
4．A rich businessman(商人) gave the boy in_rags(衣衫褴褛) a big envelope(信封) containing a large amount(数量) of money.
5．She came up with a novel(新奇的) solution to the problem almost by_accident(无意)．
Ⅳ.语境记忆(背诵语段，记忆单元词汇)
Believe it or not！From the passage we know the author of the novel liked wandering for adventures and also liked finding faults.That indeed accounted for his strange manners and impatience.
Ⅴ.课文原句背诵
1．His eyes stare at what_is_left_of the brothers’ dinner on table.
他眼睛盯着桌子上兄弟二人吃剩的东西。
2．Towards nightfall I found_myself_carried_out to sea by a strong wind.
傍晚时，我发现我被一阵大风刮到海上去了。
3．And it_was the ship that brought you to England.
正是那艘船把你带到了英国。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．Scientists study ________ human brains work to make computers.
(2012·四川，17)
A．when
B．how
C．that
D．whether
答案 B
解析 考查名词性从句。句意为：科学家研究人类大脑是如何工作以制造出电脑。根据句意可知选B。
(考查单元语法)
2．Brown said he was by no means annoyed；________he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.
(2012·浙江，14)
A．all in all
B．for one thing
C．on the contrary
D．by the way
答案 C
解析 介词短语词义辨析。句意为：布朗说他一点儿都不恼火。相反(on the contrary)他很高兴能够被透彻理解。all in all总而言之；for one thing其一；by the way顺便讲一下，均不符合语境，故排除。解题的关键是对词组by no means＝never(决不)的理解。
(教材原句：On the contrary，in fact.)
3．Born into a family with three brothers，David was________to value the sense of sharing. (2011·福建，31)
A．brought up
B．turned down
C．looked after
D．held back
答案 A
解析 句意为：出生在一个有三个哥哥的家庭里，戴维被教导要重视分享意识。bring up养育，抚养，教育，教导；turn down拒绝，(把声音等)调低；look after照料，照看；hold back阻挡，妨碍，控制(感情)，隐瞒不讲。根据句意可知A项正确。
(教材原句：He was brought up in Hannibal，Missouri，along the Mississippi River.)
4．Passengers are permitted________only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
(2011·天津，7)
A．to carry
B．carrying
C．to be carried
D．being carried
答案 A
解析 句意为：乘客只被允许带一件手提行李登机。该题考查permit的固定搭配be permitted to do sth.(被允许做某事)的用法。再根据passengers与carry之间的主动关系可确定选A项。
(教材原句：Permit me to lead the way，sir.)
5．—I probably shouldn’t have any more cake.
—Oh，________.It won’t kill you.
(2011·辽宁，35)
A．go ahead
B．hold on，please
C．you’re welcome
D．that’ll do
答案 A
解析 句意为：——我或许不应该再吃蛋糕了。——噢，吃吧。吃点儿蛋糕对你来说算不了什么。根据句意，此处是鼓励对方吃点儿蛋糕，所以选go ahead(吃吧；做吧；说吧；干吧)。
(教材原句：Go right ahead.)
Ⅱ.完形、阅读——英译汉
1．As a dance captain, I see a tradition that has inspired not only generations of little girls but a splendid company that continues to develop and grow—and inspires people every day to follow their dreams.
(2012·北京·完形)
作为舞蹈队的队长，我看到一种传统，这种传统不仅激励着一代一代的小女孩，并且激励着一个不断发展和壮大的鼓励大家每天追逐自己梦想的公司。
2．On the contrary，US government data shows that GM(转基因) crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide(杀虫剂) use compared to traditional crops.(2011·陕西·阅读D)
相反，美国政府数据显示美国的转基因庄稼和传统庄稼相比，在杀虫剂使用上呈现全面增长。
3．A quick search on the Internet will bring up dozens of online companies that allow you to register your home for free.
(2011·四川·阅读B)
一次网上快速的搜索将调出许多允许你注册家的网上公司。
4．No matter how hard the Internet tries to put you in communication，its best efforts will be defeated by your mind.(2011·福建·阅读E)
不管网络费多大的劲试图使你进行交流，它的最大努力将被你的意志所击败。
Ⅲ.书面表达——汉译英
1．我认为我们在公共场合都应该注意自己的行为。(behavior)
(2012·福建·书面表达)
I think all of us should mind our behavior in public places.
2．上周一，我们正在上语文课，老师忽然滑了一下摔倒了。(slip) (2011·北京·情景作文)
Last Monday, we were having our Chinese class when the teacher suddenly slipped and fell.
历年高考热点：contrary，bring up，permit，go ahead，
follow，behavior，slip等的用法。
2014考点预测：seek，scene，permit，account，bring up，
go ahead，by accident，on the contrary等的用法。
1
双语释义 vt. & vi.寻找(look for)；探索；寻求(try to obtain)
学情诊断
(1)He sought to_cheat (cheat) in the exam but in vain.
(2)He went to Shenzhen to seek_his_fortune(碰运气)．
(3)I have never sought to hide my views.(翻译句子)
我从不试图隐藏自己的观点。
(4)In Australia，surfing is a popular sport among young people where they can
________ excitement and adventure.
A．share
B．hold
C．seek
D．own
答案 C
归纳拓展
seek ?for/after? sb./sth.寻找某人/某物
seek to do sth.试图做某事
seek sth.from sb.向某人请求/寻求某物
seek out挑选出；物色
2
双语释义 n．地点(place)，现场(spot)；场景；景色，风光(view)
学情诊断
(1)写出下列句子中scene的汉语意思
①The first scene of the play is the king’s palace.场，场景
②Taxis and buses are part of the street scenes.风景
③The police were on the scene immediately.地点，现场
(2)If you stand here，you’ll get a better ________ of the river.
A．sight
B．view
C．scene
D．scenery
答案 B
归纳拓展
on the scene在现场；当场
behind the scenes在幕后；秘密地
come/appear on the scene出现；登场
3
双语释义 v．允许；许可(allow)；n.通行证
学情诊断
(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空
①Weather permitting_(permit)，we will go outing.
②Her father would not permit her to_eat(eat) candies.
③The rules of the club do not permit smoking(smoke)．
(2)—Would you permit me ________ here?
—Sorry.We don’t permit ________ here in the reading room.
A．smoking；smoking
B．to smoke；to smoke
C．smoking；to smoke
D．to smoke；smoking
答案 D
解析 考查permit的用法。句意为：——你允许我在这里吸烟吗？——抱歉，在阅览室里我们不允许吸烟。permit常用于以下两种结构：permit sb.to do sth.和permit doing sth.。
归纳拓展
permit sb. to do sth./permit doing sth.允许某人做某事/允许做某事
permit sb. sth.允许某人做某事
ask for permission请求许可
without permission未经许可
写作句组 满分作文之佳句背诵
a．Time permitting, I’ll drop in on her.
b．Nothing is permitted; everything is allowed.
c．People are not permitted to hunt wildlife in the nature reserve.
4
双语释义 v．认为(think)；说明(explain)；总计有；n.账目(a written record)；说明；计算
学情诊断
(1)句型转换
①The company takes account of environmental issues wherever possible.
→The company
takes environmental issues
into account wherever possible.
②You must on no account tell him the truth.
→ On no account must you tell him the truth.
(2)What you do can________for what you say before us.
A．explain
B．count
C．account
D．take into account
答案 C
解析 句意为：你所做的可以解释说明你在我们面前所说的。account for 解释，说明；take...into account将……考虑在内。
归纳拓展
account for 做出解释；导致；(数量、比例)占
take...into account(＝take account of...)对……加以考虑；顾及
on account of 因为，由于
on no account决不(位于句首时，句子使用部分倒装)
on this/that account由于这个/那个缘故
思考 on no account 位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。你知道有类似用法的还有哪些介词短语？
in_no_way,_by_no_means,_at_no_time，under/in_no_circumstances，on_no_condition等。
5
双语释义 抚养；培养(raise)；提出(put forward)；教育(educate)；呕吐
学情诊断
(1)用适当的介、副词填空
①The sale of the house only brought in about ￡45,000.
②Computers have brought about many changes in the workplace.
③His playing out in the rain brought on a bad cold.
④The meeting has been brought forward to Thursday.
⑤Alcohol just brings out the worst in her.
⑥Why did you have to bring up the subject of money?
(2)The government has taken measures to ________ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.(2011·湖北，29)
A．take down
B．bring down
C．hand down
D．tear down
答案 B
解析 句意为：政府已经采取措施来降低日用品的高价格，以保持市场稳定。take down写下，记下；bring down降低，减少；hand down把……传下去，宣布；tear down拆除。根据句意可知应选B项。
归纳拓展
bring about引起，导致
bring in引入；赚(挣)到；使参与
bring on导致，惹来(不好的结果)；使加速生长/促进
bring forward提议；提前
bring down降低；减少
bring out使显现；使表现出
6
学情诊断
(1)用适当的介、副词填空
①The government intends to go ahead with its tax cutting plans.
②There wasn’t time for breakfast，so I had to go without.
③We’re both going after the same job.
④The bomb went off in a crowded street.
⑤He would not go against his parents’ wishes.
(2)—May I open the window to let in some fresh air?
—________
A．Come on!
B．Take care!
C．Go ahead!
D．Hold on!
答案 C
解析 句意为：——我可以打开窗子放进来点新鲜空气吗？——开吧！C项意为“请便”，用于回答别人的请求，可译为“去吧，好吧，说吧，干吧等”。
归纳拓展
go ahead with开始做；着手干
go after追求某人；谋求某事物
go off爆炸；离去,
go without没有……而凑合；没有……也行
go against违背
思考 还学过哪些有关go的短语？
go over仔细检查；复习；go out熄灭；go all out (to do)全力以赴；go with与……相配，协调；go by逝去；遵循，依照等。
7
双语释义 偶然，意外地(by chance)
学情诊断
(1)用有关by的短语填空
①Some inventions really came by_accident/chance.
②I don’t know if it was done by accident or by_design.
③I was in such a hurry that I took someone else’s umbrella by_mistake.
(2)He was all but killed by the traffic accident，which I think happened________no accident.
A．in
B．by
C．at
D．for
答案 B
解析 句意为：他几乎死于交通事故，这一点我认为不是偶然发生的。by no accident绝非偶然。
归纳拓展
by design/on purpose故意地
by no accident绝非偶然
by mistake错误地；无意中
without accident安全地，无恙地
8
学情诊断
(1)用contrary的短语填空
①His view about how to increase sales of products is_contrary_to mine.
②The car isn’t expensive.On_the_contrary，it’s very cheap.
③Show me some evidence to_the_contrary.
(2)—The trip must have been terrible，wasn’t it?
—No.________，I enjoyed every minute.
A．On the other hand
B．At one time
C．At the same time
D．On the contrary
答案 D
解析 on the contrary相反地。答句句意为：不，恰恰相反，我非常喜欢。
归纳拓展
be contrary to...与……相反
to the contrary相反地；相反的
1
嗯，傍晚时分我发现我被一阵大风刮到海上去了。
学情诊断
(1)完成句子
①I found_my_hometown_much_changed.
我发现家乡有了巨大的变化。
②When he found_his_wallet_stolen，he was extremely worried.
当他发现他的钱包被偷了的时候，他非常着急。
③Gradually you’ll find_him_honest.
慢慢地，你会发现他很诚实。
(2)A cook will be immediately fired if he is found________in the kitchen.
A．smoke
B．smoking
C．to smoke
D．smoked
答案 B
解析 find sb. doing发现某人正在做某事。
归纳拓展
find＋复合宾语”指不知不觉地发现自己处于某种情况中，
多表示意料之外的情况，可用形容词、介词短语、现在分
词及过去分词作宾补。,其后跟复合宾语的动词还有：see，
hear，watch，notice，have等。
2
(看到亨利穿得破烂的外表)那张桌子已有人预定了。
学情诊断
(1)完成句子
①Many mice ran out of fields looking_for_places_to_hide.许多老鼠从田地里蹿出来寻找藏身之所。
②She stood in the rain waiting_for_her_daughter worriedly.她站在雨中焦急地等待着她的女儿。
(2)单项填空
①My sister，an inexperienced rider，was found sitting on the bicycle ________ to balance it.
A．having tried
B．trying
C．to try
D．tried
答案 B
解析 现在分词短语作伴随状语，由于和sit同时发生，所以选B项。
②________how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help.
A．Not to know
B．Not knowing
C．Knowing not
D．Not known
答案 B
解析 现在分词作原因状语，否定形式要在doing前加not。
归纳拓展
3
学情诊断
用宾语从句或表语从句完成下列句子
(1)Where is the post office？He doesn’t know that.
→He doesn’t know where_the_post_office_is.
(2)How should we do the work？Did she say anything about it?
→Did she say anything about how_we_should_do_the_work?
(3)Will that man turn up in time？It’s a question.
→The question is whether_that_man_will_turn_up_in_time.
(4)Yesterday’s game makes me feel excited.
→Yesterday’s game is what_makes_me_feel_excited.
(5)He told me something that I should read.
→He told me what_I_should_read.
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．After many years，he was given permission(permit) to look for gold in South America.
2．The first scene(scenery) of the opening ceremony is excellent.
3．This work needs much patience(patient)．
4．She spotted(spot) her friend in the crowd.
5．It’s very rude(rudeness) of her to leave without telling us.
6．It is good manners(manner) to say goodbye when leaving.
7．They sought(seek) in vain for somewhere to shelter.
8．Unbelievably(believable) it actually works.
9．The child was found wandering(wander) the streets alone.
10．That wasn’t my fault(faulty)，anyway.
Ⅱ.词义猜测或句意理解题——用本单元词汇或句式替换划线部分
1．I saw a man walking_up_and_down on the street outside my house.wandering
2．I was going to die when I was found by a passer-by.spotted
3．If you have difficulty when abroad, you can turn to the embassy to look_for help.seek_for
4．It’s not good for your son.Instead,_you are doing harm to him.On_the_contrary
5．I was caught in the rain, which was_the_reason_for my being late.accounted_for
Ⅲ.微写作(13)
写作素材
1．昨天，我在街上溜达时无意中碰见了我的邻居。
2．她开始向我诉说我妈养我有多不容易。
3．说实话，我不想让她继续说下去。
4．不是我不礼貌。
5．相反，我不想回忆起那段痛苦的日子。
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。
连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)
Yesterday, I was wandering in the street when I met my neighbor by accident.She began to tell me the great difficulty my mum had bringing me up.To be honest, I didn’t want her to go ahead with the story.It was not because I had rude manners.On the contrary, I didn’t want to recall that painful memory.
Ⅳ.微语法(13)——宾语从句
(课外拓展——一个单元突破一个语法点)
1．Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ________ he could have expressed it differently.
(2012·北京，24)
A．why
B．how
C．that
D．whether
答案 C
`解析 句意为：杰里不后悔给出评论，但是他觉得他本来可以用另一种不同的方式来表达。felt后面应该是一个宾语从句，分析宾语从句可知，这是一个完整的句子，不缺句子成分，故用that引导。
2．The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for ________he could find about Mark Twain.(2012·辽宁，34)
A．wherever
B．however
C．whatever
D．whichever
答案 C
解析 分析for后面的宾语从句知道，find后面缺少宾语，因此要从能作宾语的C、D两项之间选择答案。在名词性从句中whichever表达“多个之中的选择”，而whatever指“一切”。句意为：那一天这个新来的人走进图书馆，寻找他能找到的关于马克·吐温的所有东西。
3．As many as five courses are provided，and you are free to choose ________ suits you best. (2012·陕西，20)
A．whatever
B．whichever
C．whenever
D．wherever
答案 B
解析 所填词引导的从句作动词choose的宾语，引导词在从句中作主语，意为“无论哪个”，故选B项。
4．We promise ________ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. (2012·福建，35)
A．who
B．whom
C．whoever
D．whomever
答案 C
解析 句意为：无论是谁参加晚会我们都许诺给他/她一个和电影明星拍照的机会。promise sb.sth.许诺某人某事，即promise后跟双宾语，whoever attends the party为whoever引导的名词性从句，充当promise的宾语，因为从句缺少主语，故不能选择宾格形式的whom和whomever，而who表示特指，由句意可知此处表示泛指，故C项为正确答案。
5．By improving your reading skills，you can read faster and understand more of________you need.
A．that
B．what
C．which
D．whether
答案 B
解析 考查宾语从句。设空处应用连接词来引导一个宾语从句，且连接词作动词need的宾语，表示“……内容或东西”，故选B项。
Step Two 微写作——语段集训
第8讲 表示比较
1．Rather than study arts I prefer to learn science.
我宁愿学理科也不学文科。
2．I would like to do some reading rather than play cards.
我喜欢阅读而不喜欢打牌。
3．As contrasted with...
与……比起来
4．There is a striking contrast between the two cultures.
两种文化之间有着明显的差距。
5．Compared with A，B...
与A相比，B……
e ．g.
Compared with buses and cars，bicycles have a lot of advantages apart from being affordable and convenient.To begin with，no natural resources such as petroleum are used.Secondly，the pollution problem can be avoided.Last but not least，they make great contributions to people’s health by physical exercise.
即时训练
写作素材
1．与在城市居住相比，我喜欢住在乡下。
2．可以远离喧闹。
3．乡下的空气新鲜。
连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇语句连贯的英语小短文)
As_contrasted_with_living_in_the_city，I_prefer_to_live_in_the_countryside.For_one_thing，it’s_free_from_the_noise.For_another，the_air_is_fresh.