Unit 22 B卷
一、阅读理解
A
A good night’s sleep may help your brain file away lessons learned during the day.But，according to a new study，the brain begins processing and storing those memories long before it’s time for bed and continues to do so even while you’re thinking about and doing other things.
Recent studies have shown that the parts of the brain that we use to learn a task become active again during sleep.This activity，scientists suggest，could be the brain transferring memories from short-term to long-term storage.But the brain doesn’t necessarily wait until the lights are out to begin processing those memories.
To find out how the brain handles memories during waking hours，scientists gave 15 volunteers two tasks，each requiring different parts of the brain to learn.In one task，the subjects learned how to drive in a virtual(虚拟的)town and then searched the town for an object.In the second task，they learned to predict where a series of dots would appear on a screen.
Using a special machine，the researchers scanned the volunteers’ brains right before and right after the tasks.They compared the two images to see whether the regions of the brain involved in learning the task were still active even after the task was completed.
After a break，the scientists took a third image of each participant’s brain.They wanted to determine whether these regions in the brain continued to be active after more time had passed and they discovered that，for at least an hour after a learning task，the brain stayed active.It appeared to continue processing the new information.
Furthermore，the images showed that distracting the subjects doesn’t affect their ability to store memories.The processing continues even when they’re thinking about or doing other things.
Some scientists say this could mean that sleep isn’t essential for storing memories.Others disagree.Until that’s settled，it’s probably still better to be on the safe side，getting plenty of sleep.
1．The fact that the parts of the brain that we use to learn a task become active again during sleep may suggest ______.
A．we are dreaming a dream about the lessons we learned in the daytime
B．we can’t have a good sleep if we work too hard before going to bed
C．the brain stays active even when we are in deep sleep at night
D．the brain is transferring memories from short-term to long-term storage
2．The scientists took a third image of each participant’s brain to ______.
A．find whether the brain continues processing the new information after more time had passed
B．see whether the regions of the brain involved in learning the task were working actively
C．prove different parts of the brain are involved in learning
D．discover whether the processing continues even when people are doing other things
3．The underlined word“distract”in the sixth paragraph probably has the closest meaning to“______”．
A．attractB．divert
C．solve
D．consider
4. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A．sleep isn’t essential for storing memories
B．getting plenty of sleep is a waste of time
C．scientists haven’t agreed on whether sleep helps memory
D．sleep on the safe side is good to us
B
Although it might have happened anywhere，my encounter with the green banana started on a steep mountain road in the central area of Brazil.I was driving up through beautiful countryside when the radiator(水箱)began to leak.I stopped at the next village，which consisted of a small store and a few houses.People came over to look.“That’s easy to fix，”a man said.He sent a boy running for some green bananas.He patted me on the shoulder，assuring me that everything would work out.“Green bananas，”he smiled.Everyone agreed.
We chatted casually while all the time I was wondering what they could possibly do to my radiator with their green bananas.I did not ask them，though，as that would show my ignorance，so I talked about the beauty of the land that lay before our eyes.Huge rock formations，like Sugarloaf Mountain in Rio de Janeiro，rose up all around us.“Do you see that tall one right over there？”asked the man，pointing to a particularly tall，slender pinnacle (尖端)of dark rock.“That rock marks the center of the world.”
I looked to see if he was teasing me，but his face was serious.He，in turn，inspected me carefully，as if to make sure I grasped the significance of his statement.The occasion called for some show of recognition on my part.“The center of the world？”I repeated，trying to show interest.He nodded.“The absolute center.Everyone around here knows it.”
At that moment the boy returned with an armful of green bananas.The man cut one in half and pressed the cut end against the radiator jacket.The banana melted into a glue against the hot metal，stopping the leaks instantly.I was so astonished at this that I must have looked rather foolish and everyone laughed.They then refilled my radiator and gave me extra bananas to take along.An hour later，after using the green banana once more，my radiator and I reached our destination.
It took me a little longer to fully grasp the importance of the rock which the villagers believed marked the center of the world.I had at first doubted their claim，as I knew for a fact that the center was located somewhere else in New England.After all，my grandfather had come from there.But gradually I realized the village people had a very reasonable belief and I agreed with them.We all tend to regard the center as that special place where we are known，where we know others，where things mean much to us，and where we ourselves have both identity and meaning：family，school，town and local region could all be our center of the world.
The lesson which gradually dawned on me was actually very simple.Every place has special meanings for the people in it，and in a certain sense every place represents the center of the world.The world has numerous such centers，and none of the students or travelers can experience all of them.But once a conscious breakthrough to a second center is made，a life-long perspective and collection can begin.
The cultures of the world are full of unexpected green bananas with special value and meaning.They have been there for ages，ripening slowly，perhaps waiting patiently for people to come along to encounter them.In fact，a green banana is waiting for all of us if we would leave our own centers of the world in order to experience other places.
5．The author stopped at a village on his way because he wanted to ______.
A．have his car repaired
B．enjoy the beautiful scenery
C．look for some bananas to fix his radiator
D．talk to some villagers to learn about their way of life
6．What’s the author’s reaction to the man’s remarks on the center of the earth?
A．He thought the man was serious about what he said.
B．He thought that the man was telling the truth.
C．He thought that the man was telling a story.
D．He thought the man was making fun of him.
7．What does the author come to learn from the man’s remarks?
A．The rock mentioned by the man is really the center of the world for everyone.
B．There are lots of such“rocks”in the world representing the center of the world.
C．There is only one center in the world that is actually in New England.
D．As a matter of fact，the center of the world does not exist in his opinion.
8．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．A green banana refers to a banana that is not ripe.
B．A green banana is something that can be used to repair a leaking radiator.
C．A green banana refers to a certain culture that is unknown to an outsider.
D．A green banana is something useful that we find unexpectedly.
二、任务型读写
(2012安徽联考)阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
The Thanksgiving legacy(遗产，传统)has been alive for hundreds of years.The customs we see in our homes today remind us of ancient celebrations of harvest，thankfulness for peace，and the endeavors(努力，奋斗)of native Americans.It consists of stories of those who“believe that gratitude”for blessings is a virtue all must possess.
For centuries，“Thanksgiving Day”is associated with communal prayers in church and in homes.People offer various meal time prayers during the day.It is a time，when mankind thanks God for all his blessings and grace.It is also a day to show gratitude to your friends and relatives for all the good deeds.
Everyone follows the custom of family dinner and reunion religiously every year.Distances don’t really matter as relatives drive down to be with their family.Feasts are usually held at home.It is a time to enjoy their favorite“Roasted Turkey”with the family.Thanksgiving is a time to decorate homes with wreaths，fresh and dried flowers.People beautify their homes，give the interiors a whole new look and feel.They light lamps to brighten the environment.Tables are adorned with(装饰)best china and antique silver cutlery(餐具)to mark the occasion.
Thanksgiving is a day when people send loving messages and warm wishes to their relatives，colleagues at work place，superiors and subordinates，near and dear ones.It is a day of conveying their feelings through Thanksgiving cards.
Thanksgiving Day 1.______
Custom of
2．______ ·A time to 3.______ God for nil his blessings and grace.
·A day to show gratitude to your friends and relatives for all the good deeds.
Custom of
Family
Dinner ·A time for family 4.______ every year.
·A time to enjoy their best-loved food—“5.______ Turkey”．
Custom of
6．______ ·People make their home 7.______ with wreaths，fresh and dried flowers.
·People make the environment bright by 8.______ lamps.
Custom of
Sending
Messages ·A day to send loving messages and warm 9.______ to their relatives.
·A day to 10.______ their feelings by sending Thanksgiving cards.
参考答案与解析
课时作业(四十四)
Unit 22 B卷
一、阅读理解
1．解析：细节理解题。根据第二段前两句内容可知，睡眠期间，我们用以学习某项任务的大脑区域依然活跃，这表明大脑正把关于该活动的记忆由短期记忆转化为长期记忆。
答案：D
2．解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第二、三句的内容可知。
答案：A
3．解析：词义猜测题。从后面一句“The processing continues even when they’re thinking about or doing other things.”可知，distract意为“分散，转移”。
答案：B
4．解析：推理判断题。从最后一段内容可知，有些科学家认为试验的结果可能意味着睡眠并不是记忆储存的必需条件，而其他科学家却不这样认为。由此可见科学家对于睡眠是否有助于记忆的问题还没有达成一致意见。
答案：C
解题导语：作者通过他的一段经历提出了一个问题，即如何看待异域文化和文化差异。理解本文的关键是把握“青香蕉”在文章中含义的变化。
6．解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段首句可知，作者开始时认为那个人是在和他开玩笑。
答案：D
7．解析：细节理解题。根据第五段和第六段可知，作者后来渐渐认识到每一种文化都有自身的精妙之处，每一个地方对于生活在那里的人来说都有特殊的意义，从某种意义上说都可代表世界的中心。
答案：B