Unit 22 A卷
一、单项填空
1．(2012江西师大附中高三期中)By all ______，you must try every ______ to help him.
A．mean；mean B．means；means
C．means；mean
D．mean；means
2．(2012洛阳月考)The poor mother，who had been ill in bed，had to have her little son ______ at his uncle’s.
A．adapted
B．adopted
C．adjusted
D．applied
3．(2012合肥调研)Elizabeth has already achieved success ______ her wildest dreams.
A．at
B．beyond
C．within
D．upon
4．(2012安庆月考)______ in loveless marriages，many women feel that life is colorless.
A．Trapping
B．To trap
C．To be trapped
D．Trapped
5．As we all know，theory is based on practice and ______ serves practice.
A．in turn
B．in return
C．in short
D．in nature
6．Our school doesn’t ______ students’ staying in the classroom too long.We students should have enough time for sports.
A．advocate
B．admit
C．assess
D．approach
7．She______when she heard the news，but quickly recovered.
A．broke away
B．broke down
C．broke out
D．broke up
8．—I can’t stand Jack.He is too inefficient!
—Nobody is perfect.Try to be ______ to others.
A．considering
B．considered
C．considerable
D．considerate
9．The manager was unable to attend but sent his deputy(副手)as a ______.
A．replacement
B．substitution
C．substitute
D．change
10．You should ______ the opportunity to study in college.Or you will be regretful.
A．watch
B．refuse
C．miss
D．seize
11．She never dreamed of ______ a chance for her to meet her old friends again.
A．there being B．there to be
C．there was
D．being
12．His appearance is not ______ to whether he is a good leader.
A．involved
B．relevant
C．proper
D．similar
13．The bus driver should ______ the safety of the passengers.
A．answer for
B．call for
C．long for
D．thirst for
14．The attack by terrorists has been ______ by the entire world.
A．condemned
B．scolded
C．criticized
D．blamed
15．______ the watch ______ and see if you can see what’s wrong with it.
A．Tell；apart
B．Take；apart
C．Apart；from
D．Set；apart
二、完形填空
When I was young，I belonged to a club that did community service work.There was one specific event that was unusual for me.I spent three or four hours handing out warm dinner to the homeless out in the streets.After that I went to a homeless shelter not far from the Bay Bridge.
I was in high school and at that time my sister was too young to __1__.She wanted to help，__2__ she made four or five dozen chocolate chip cookies for me to __3__ and hand out to people.When getting to the homeless shelter __4__ passed out the remaining meals.__5__，I began making sandwiches and __6__ them with the crowd.I had the containers with my __7__ cookies in them and began to __8__，offering them to anyone near me.
I __9__ an old gentleman and said，“Sir，would you like a cookie？”He stopped and turned around，__10__ and said，“What did you say? Did you call me sir？”I told him I __11__，and his eyes __12__ a little bit and he said，“No one has __13__ called me sir.”So he __14__.
It struck me.
I explained I had been raised that __15__ color and social status，everyone deserved respect.It __16__ me to think that just because he was homeless，no one __17__ him the honor.It broke my heart，and I __18__ .I just didn’t understand __19__ no one ever called him sir? I had never thought that anyone was below me because I wasn’t raised that way.Every __20__ person deserves to be treated with dignity.Years later，I still carry that memory and the lessons it taught me.Sometimes，what we take for granted can really make a difference in someone’s life.
How have you made a difference to others? How have others made a difference to you?
1．A.participate
B．involve
C．choose
D．go
2．A.however
B．but
C．yet
D．so
3．A.bring
B．fetch
C．collect
D．take
4．A.I
B．you
C．she
D．we
5．A.First
B．Next
C．Third
D．Finally
6．A.shared
B．gave
C．helped
D．assisted
7．A.classmate’s
B．schoolmate’s
C．sister’s
D．family’s
8．A.walk around
B．knock around
C．come around
D．stand around
9．A.went
B．came
C．approached
D．met
10．A.looked at me rightly
B．stared at me with difficulty
C．glared at me in anger
D．looked me right in the eye
11．A.had
B．called
C．would
D．do
12．A.watered
B．cried
C．tore
D．dropped
13．A.already
B．ever
C．still
D．yet
14．A.was completely frightened
B．was not a little confused
C．was completely taken aback
D．was not a bit surprised
15．A.in spite of
B．regardless of
C．concerned about
D．for fear of
16．A.strengthened
B．saddened
C．frightened
D．pleased
17．A.handed
B．afforded
C．provided
D．supplied
18．A.had no choice but to cry
B．couldn’t help to cry
C．had no right to cry
D．couldn’t help but cry
19．A.what
B．when
C．whether
D．why
20．A.single
B．poor
C．ordinary
D．normal
三、阅读理解
Some blogs have been giving attention to Tim Harford’s new book Adapt：Why Success Always Starts with Failure.For the good of the world，more people should be aware of its contents.So I’m doing my bit to make it known to the public.
Harford starts out from the starting point that the world is a very complicated and difficult place.At the dawn of the automobile industry roughly 2,000 car companies sprang into being.Less than 1 percent of them survived.Even if you make it to the top，it is very hard to stay there.The historian Leslie Hannah identified the ten largest American companies in 1912.None of those companies ranked in the top 100 by 1990.
Harford’s basic lesson is that you have to design your life to make effective use of failure.You have to design systems through trial and error，or，to borrow a term from the natural word，evolution.Most successful enterprises are built through a process of exploring and adaptation，not planning.
The Russian thinker Peter Palchinsky understood the basic structure of smart change.First seek out new ideas and approaches.Next，try them on a scale small enough that their failure is survivable.Then find a feedback mechanism(反馈机制)so you can tell which new thing is failing and which is succeeding.
That’s the model—variation，survivability and selection.
Harford then illustrates how this basic process can work across a variety of contexts，from business to war to poetry.He’s an able guide to the world of human unreliability.For example，he mentions James Reason，who identifies three kinds of error.
First there are slips.In 2005 a young Japanese trader meant to sell one share of stock at 600,000 yen but accidentally sold 600,000 shares at 1 yen.Then there are violations，when someone intentionally breaks the rules.This is what Bernie Madoff did.Then there are mistakes—things you do on purpose that have unintended consequences.
Harford is an economic journalist，but he offers a very useful guide for people preparing to live in the world as it really is.
1．Why did the author write this text?
A．Blogs have given too much attention to a new book.
B．It is his job to advertise the book.
C．Nobody yet knows the contents of this book.
D．He wants more people to know the contents of Tim Harford’s new book.
2．What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning the automobile industry?
A．Many car companies used to exist.
B．The top 100 companies have fallen far behind.
C．The world is full of complications and hardship.
D．The world is a good place for competition.
3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A．Successful enterprises are planned.
B．One learns by trying new things on a large scale.
C．The basic structure of smart change is variation，survivability and selection.
D．Harford tells us to take advantage of success.
4．What is the main idea of the text?
A．People are unreliable.
B．Take advantage of failure and live well in the real world.
C．We can never avoid failure.
D．James Reason has a new idea about failure.
课时作业(四十三)
Unit 22 A卷
一、单项填空
1．解析：句意：无论如何，你必须尽一切办法帮助他。by all means“无论如何，务必”；means“方法，手段”。
答案：B
2．解析：句意：……她不得不把她的小儿子交给他的叔叔收养。
答案：B
3．解析：指取得的成功远远超出了自己的梦想，beyond超出，符合句意。
答案：B
4．解析：句意：很多妇女陷于无爱的婚姻，感到生活毫无色彩。trapped in loveless marriages为过去分词短语作状语。
答案：D
5．解析：考查介词短语辨析。in turn “依次；反过来”；in return “作为回报”；in short “简而言之”； in nature “在本质上”。句意：正如我们所知，理论来自于实践，反过来又服务于实践。
答案：A
6．解析：考查动词词义辨析。前句句意：我们学校不赞成学生待在教室里时间太长。advocate 赞成，拥护；admit 承认；assess 评估；approach 靠近。
答案：A
7．解析：考查break动词短语辨析。break away“脱离；革除”，break down“(机器)损坏，(身体)垮掉；情绪突然失控(如突然大哭)”，break out“(战争、火灾等)突然发生”，break up“击碎；驱散”。句意：她听到消息突然哭起来，但很快就恢复过来了。
答案：B
8．解析：答语句意：人无完人，对别人应该体谅一些。considerate“关心的，体贴的”。
答案：D
9．解析：句意：经理不能出席，派了个副手代表他。substitute作名词，意为“代替的人或物”，而A、B两项均表示代替动作本身，D项不合句意。
答案：C
10．解析：句意：你应该抓住在大学学习的机会，否则你会后悔的。watch观看；refuse拒绝；miss错过，怀念；seize抓住。
答案：D
11．解析：考查非谓语动词。题干句子中的dream of后面接v.-ing作宾语，of后面接的是由there be句型引导的句子，故应用there being。
答案：A
12．解析：be relevant to (sb./sth.)“有关的，切题的”符合句意。involved“有关联”，常与介词in搭配；proper“合适的，恰当的”；similar“相似的，类似的”。
答案：B
13．解析：句意：公交车司机应该对乘客的安全负责。answer for“对……负责”；call for“要求，需要”；long for“渴望”；thirst for“渴望得到”。
答案：A
14．解析：condemn“谴责，责备，判……刑”；scold“责骂，训斥”；criticize“批评，批判”；blame“责备，指责”。
答案：A
二、完形填空
解题导语：这是一篇夹叙夹议文。“我”在收容所分发食物时的一次真实经历使“我”深深体会到：抛开肤色、民族和贫富，人人都应得到尊重。无家可归者也有自己的尊严，也应得到尊重。
1．解析：“我”的妹妹年龄太小，不能参与为无家可归者分发食物这样的善事。involve 当“(使) 参加，加入”讲时，用于involve sb.(in sth.) 的结构中，不符合语境。
答案：A
2．解析：于是妹妹做了几十个巧克力酥饼让“我”带去分发。
答案：D
3．解析：take 强调从说话的地方“带走”，bring 强调“带来”，fetch表示“去取”。
答案：D
4．解析：从该段后面的内容看，这里主要描述“我”参与分发食物的情况。pass out 分发，分配。
答案：A
5．解析：“我”一到达就分发剩余的食物，之后开始自己做三明治。next 强调时间概念，意为“接着”。
答案：B
6．解析：share sth.with sb.与某人分享某物。
答案：A
7．解析：由上文可知是“我”妹妹做的巧克力酥饼。
答案：C
8．解析：walk around 到处走动。knock around漫游，闲逛；come around 苏醒，恢复知觉；stand around 闲站着。
答案：A
9．解析：“我”走近一位老人说，“先生，吃个酥饼吧？”这里是作者走近对方，与下文他停下来相呼应。
答案：C
11．解析：这里是间接引语的省略，应遵循时态呼应原则，用过去完成时。
答案：A
12．解析：老人的眼睛有点湿润了。water 在这里用作动词，意为“(眼睛)充满眼泪”。
答案：A
13．解析：“从来没有人称呼我‘先生’。”ever 常用于否定句中，和完成时连用。
答案：B
14．解析：因此 (当我称呼他“先生”时) 他感到非常震惊。be taken aback 吓了一跳，感到吃惊。A 项“非常害怕”，B项“非常迷惑”，D项“一点儿也不惊奇”，都不合语境。
答案：C
15．解析：“我”向他解释“我”受过教育，“我”认为人人都应该受到尊重，不分肤色和社会地位。
答案：B
16．解析：当“我”想到他因为无家可归就不被尊重时感到非常难过。sadden 使悲伤。
答案：B
17．解析：afford sb.sth.给予某人某物。supply/provide sb. with sth.给某人提供某物。
答案：B
18．解析：于是“我”禁不住哭了起来。can’t help but do＝can’t help doing 禁不住做某事。
答案：D
19．解析：“我”只是不明白为什么没有人称呼他“先生”呢？
答案：D
20．解析：每一个人(无论地位高低、贫富贵贱) 都应受到尊重。single 意为“单个的，单一的”，强调每一个个体。
答案：A
三、阅读理解
解题导语：Tim Harford 出了一本新书《适应：为什么成功源自于失败？》，在博客上一些人已经在关注此书，作者认为应该有更多的人去了解其中的内容，于是就介绍了这本书的大致内容。
1．解析：推理判断题。由首段以及全文作者对这本书内容的介绍，我们可以知道这本书的目的就是告诉大家社会是复杂的，是困难重重的，在这样的一个真实的社会，我们怎样利用失败，从而让失败成为成功之母。所以这也是作者写此文章的原因。
答案：D
2．解析：细节理解题。从文章第二段可知，作者引用这个例子就是为了说明这个社会是复杂而艰难的。
答案：C
3．解析：细节理解题。由第五段 That’s the model—variation，survivability and selection.可知此项是正确的。
答案：C
4．解析：主旨大意题。全文作者一直在介绍如何利用失败，以及如何在这个复杂的社会生存。
答案：B