Test 20
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Brazil is a federation that consists of twenty-six states and one federal district.The biggest majority of Brazil’s population belongs to the Christian religion and almost all of them are Catholics.This is something Brazil inherited(继承) being Portugal’s colony(殖民地)．
Historically，the country was a colony claimed by people from Portugal and this made Portuguese the official language.The Portuguese reached Brazil in 1500 and until that moment it was inhabited by semi-nomadic(半游牧的) people.The Portuguese changed Brazil into a country of slaves until 1800，when Maria I of Portugal came to live in Brazil.The Queen did not stay long in Brazil，but during the 20 years of royal presence a lot of changes occurred：commercial ports to United Kingdom were opened; Brazil stopped being isolated(孤立) from other countries.So at the moment of getting the independence on the 7th of September,1822，Brazil already had the potential to develop.The Brazilian Empire，Pedro I，abolished slavery in 1888 in the face of Princess Isabel.A lot of European people started coming to Brazil and the industry of the country started working.In the 19th and the 20th century as it has been said above foreign people immigrated(移民) to Brazil and basically 5 million European and Japanese people became the residents of Brazil.The beginning of the 20th century was especially marked by the immigration of a lot of Asian people：Japanese，Korean and Chinese immigrants.As a matter of fact，Japanese people do not immigrate a lot，and the fact that the Brazilian-Japanese people are the largest Japanese minority in the world does astonish greatly.
The majority of the cultural inherits of Brazil are actually Portuguese，due to the fact that Brazil was Portugal’s colony for a very long time.The southern states mainly consist of European population and the north and the northeast consist of a mixed population including Africans，Amerindians and Europeans.Most of this population is Roman Catholic.No other country in the world has the same amount of Catholics.The modern tendency of Brazil is the growing number of people calling themselves Protestants.Around 7.4% of the population don’t believe any god.Some Brazilians，especially in the northern states are mixed Africans who prefer following the traditional African religions.Only 1.8% of the population chose Buddhism，Islam or Judaism.
Though Brazil always tried to maintain democracy，it was failed several times by the dictatorship(独裁) of Getulo Vargas.This fact could not affect the political situation in the country.
1．Brazil was ruled by Portuguese about ________.
A．22 years
B．300 years
C．322 years
D．328 years
答案 C
解析 根据第二段“The Portuguese reached Brazil in 1500...So at the moment of getting the independence on the 7th of September,1822”，可知葡萄牙殖民统治了322年。
2．Who might block the development of Brazil?
A．Maria I.
B．Pedro I.
C．immigrants.
D．Getulo Vargas.
答案 D
解析 根据文章最后一段“Though Brazil always tried to maintain democracy，it was failed several times by the dictatorship(独裁) of Getulo Vargas.”可知Getulo Vargas阻碍了民主进程。
3．The writer mainly tells us the ________ of Brazil in the passage.
A．religion
B．history
C．culture
D．political situation
答案 B
解析 根据整篇文章的内容，主要从政体、人口、文化、宗教等方面介绍了巴西的历史。
4．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．Brazil was isolated from other countries when Maria I stayed there.
B．The industry of the country started working in 1888.
C．Brazil has the largest population of Catholics in the world.
D．Some people in Brazil don’t believe any god.
答案 A
解析 根据第二段“The Portuguese changed Brazil...from other countries.”可知。
5．It can be inferred that Brazil is a country with ________.
A．western culture
B．modern culture
C．traditional culture
D．mixed culture
答案 D
解析 根据第三段前两句话可知，巴西人口来自全世界各地，因此文化也多样化。
B
Faced with a tough job market，fresh graduates are dreaming of running their own businesses instead.But a recent survey has showed that such ambitions lack the required support and remain just that—dreams.
The Shanghai Municipal Employment Promotion Center poll of 1,276 graduates in several universities and colleges in the city，released last Friday，showed 59.78 percent of respondents considered the possibility of setting up a company or at least a small store.“But they just stop at the ‘thinking’ stage，” it stated.
Respondents put the top reasons for not going it alone down to a shortage of investment and a lack of business opportunity.They also listed lack of business experience and social networks，the need for advanced study and objections from family members as factors that stood in their way.
More than 90 percent of the interviewees said they would rather take up a job after graduating and then consider starting their own business two or three years down the road.
Guo Bing，a senior student in Shanghai International Studies University majoring in English，decided he wanted to be his own boss last year.But he is looking for a job first.“If I fail to find a satisfying job，I would like to establish a company in exhibition services，” Guo said.
The Shanghai native has some relatives working in a local printing plant.With their help，Guo hopes to produce exhibition brochures at a relatively low price.He is also confident that his English language skills can help him do well in the industry.
“Social networking is an important factor leading to business success，” Guo said.
Guo said that the shortage of graduate jobs is the main reason driving more university students to set up a business right after their graduation.
Jiang said the university sets up a business guide team made of government officials and professionals.They regularly give training courses to students who show an interest in having their own business.The parents of university graduates are more willing to help their children start up alone，the survey showed“ Once you win the support of your family，you have won half the battle，” Guo added.
6．Which of the following can be the best title?
A．A Tough Job Market
B．Graduates Who Can Only Dream of Being Boss
C．The Ambitious Fresh Graduates
D．The Story of Guo Bing
答案 C
解析 根据文章的大体内容，主要讲了大学毕业生自主创业的雄心。
7．Which of the following does NOT stop fresh graduates realizing their dreams of being bosses?
A．The lack of business opportunity and investment.
B．The shortage of business experience.
C．Less skilled English language.
D．Their family members’ objections.
答案 C
解析 根据第三段可知C项不是阻止大学毕业生创业的因素。
8．In the view of Guo Bing，what is the key factor that makes fresh graduates dream of being bosses soon after graduation?
A．Their family don’t support them.
B．Their social networking is not good.
C．There are not enough graduate jobs.
D．They want to achieve greater success.
答案 C
解析 根据倒数第二段可知，郭冰认为大学毕业生创业的最主要原因就是职位短缺。
9．Which of the following statements is NOT true about Guo Bing?
A．He has started his own business with the help of his relatives.
B．English is his major in the university.
C．He is trying to find a job which can satisfy him.
D．He is a Shanghai native.
答案 A
解析 根据倒数第四段“With their help，Guo hopes to produce exhibition brochures at a relatively low price.”可知这只是他的希望，还没实现，不能用完成时表达。
10．Who is this article mostly intended for?
A．The parents whose child graduates from university soon.
B．Those who will graduate from university.
C．Those who want to be bosses.
D．The officials who work in the government.
答案 B
解析 根据文章内容，可知主要写作对象为大学毕业生，分析他们创业的原因及需要的重要条件。
Ⅱ.微写作
写作素材
1．正如图中所阐明的那样，人多智慧大，团结就是力量。
2．如果人人都向需要的人们奉献爱心与帮助，人们之间的关系会更和谐，社会会更加美好。
(素材来源于2011·湖南·书面表达)
提示：尽量使用高级表达：as引导的非限制性定语从句；谚语；条件状语从句等。
连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)
As is illustrated in the picture，two heads are better than one and union is strength.If each of us offers love and help to those in need，the relationship between people will be harmonious and our society will be a better place for us to live in.
1．claim v．声称；认领n.声称；要求 claim to do...声称做…… make a claim断言
2．isolate v．使孤立；孤立 isolated adj.隔绝的 isolation n．隔离；孤立 isolate sb.from sth.使某人隔离…… feel isolated感到孤独 in isolation单独地
3．due to由于(同义短语：because of，owing to，thanks to，as a result of，on account of等)
4．a lack of缺乏 be lacking in缺少 lack for缺乏
5．More than 90 percent of the interviewees said they would rather take up a job after graduating and then consider starting their own business two or three years down the road.
该句为一个含有宾语从句的复合句，动词said后为省去连词that的宾语从句，would rather后跟动词take_up和consider，would rather do...意为宁愿做……。
如何做史地常识类阅读理解题
史地常识类文章通常介绍历史事件、异域风光等，在选材方面，多选择说英语国家的主要名胜、历史事件等。在设题方面，通常以细节题为主，同时也有一定的主观推断题。命题的形式通常多样，可能涉及：图表题、数字计算题、排序题、表格题等。对此类试题，要特别注意积累与历史事件有关的专业英语常识。平时养成读书看报的习惯，勤于积累，提高文化素质，对已经考过的英语常识试题需要了解，在此基础上，推而知之，进一步丰富常识。再者，考生要有扎实、全面的历史知识，特别要有系统丰富的主干知识网络，在平时的复习中，要善于抓住各模块以及各模块中每个单元的主干知识，建立主干知识通史体系。此外，要掌握必要的解题技巧，考生可运用英语学科知识，联系有关的历史知识，从材料中抓住关键词，获取和解读有效信息，分析历史试题的内涵和外延，并结合选项进行甄别、筛选，做出综合思考和理性的判断，从而选出最符合题意要求的选项。本节A篇文章就属于史地常识类，从政体、人口、文化、宗教等方面介绍了巴西的历史，葡萄牙的殖民统治对巴西产生的重要影响。如果我们有一定的历史知识，了解葡萄牙对巴西的殖民统治，回答问题就相对容易一些，所以我们要养成勤读书看报的习惯，多积累，这对解决此类问题帮助颇大。