【北师大版】2014届高考英语一轮复习精选导学案语篇微写作强化系列Test 11

　　Test 11

　　Ⅰ.完形填空

　　Parents who smoke often open a window or turn on a fan to clear the air for their children，but experts now have identified a related threat to children’s health that isn’t as easy to get rid of：third-hand smoke.

　　That’s the term being __1__ to describe the invisible yet poisonous mixture of gases and particles(颗粒) clinging to smokers’ hair and __2__，not to mention cushions and carpeting，that stays long after second-hand smoke has cleared from a room.The remaining __3__heavy metals，carcinogens and even radioactive materials that young children can get on their hands and take in，__4__if they’re crawling or playing on the floor.

　　Doctors from MassGeneral Hospital for Children in Boston coined the term “third-hand smoke” to __5__these chemicals in a new study that __6__on the risks they pose to infants and children.The study was published in the __7__issue of the journal Pediatrics.

　　“Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is bad，__8__they don’t know about this，” said Dr.Jonathan P．Winickoff，the lead author of the study and an assistant professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School.

　　“When their kids are __9__the house，they might smoke.Or they smoke in the car.Or they strap(用带子捆扎) the kid in the car seat in the back and crack the window and __10__，and they think it’s okay because the second-hand smoke isn’t getting to their __11__.We needed a term to describe these tobacco toxins that aren’t __12__.”

　　The study reported on __13__toward smoking in 1,500 households across the United States.It found that the vast majority of both smokers and non-smokers were __14__that second-hand smoke is harmful to children.Some 95 percent of non-smokers and 84 percent of smokers __15__with the statement that “inhaling smoke from a parent’s cigarette can __16__the health of infants and children”．

　　But __17__fewer of those surveyed were aware of the__18__of third-hand smoke.Since the term is so new，the researchers asked people if they agreed with the statement that “breathing air in a room __19__where people smoked yesterday can harm the health of infants and children”．

　　Only 65 percent of non-smokers and 43 percent of smokers agreed with that __20__，which researchers interpreted as acknowledgement of the risks of third-hand smoke.

　　1．A.told

　　B．discussed

　　C．used

　　D．mentioned

　　答案　C

　　解析　联系上下文的语境及日常生活中的常识，我们容易推理出这一句的语境是：所谓“三手烟”是用来指房间内的“二手烟”清除许久之后，仍残留在坐垫、地毯甚至吸烟者头发和衣物上看不见的气体和颗粒的有毒混合物。我们不难看出此处应该填上表示用来之意的动词的过去分词，也即是C项。

　　2．A.shoes

　　B．clothing

　　C．body

　　D．mouth

　　答案　B

　　解析　由上一题的分析和日常生活常识：香烟的残留往往存在于人的头发、衣服等上面，我们不难看出此处应该填上表示衣服之意的名词，故选B项。

　　3．A.includes

　　B．covers

　　C．finds

　　D．improves

　　答案　A

　　解析　由上一题的分析，联系上下文的语境，我们容易推理出这一句的语意是：残留物包含重金属、致癌物，甚至辐射物质，它们很容易沾在婴幼儿的手上并被吃到嘴里，尤其是当小孩子在地板上爬或玩耍时。不难看出此处应该填上表示“包含、包括”之意的动词，故选A项。

　　4．A.especially

　　B．specially

　　C．immediately

　　D．regularly

　　答案　A

　　解析　由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示尤其之意的副词，只有A项有这样的意思。

　　5．A.name

　　B．call

　　C．explain

　　D．describe

　　答案　D

　　解析　经过分析，语意是：在一项针对这些化学物质对婴幼儿危害的新的研究中，波士顿大众婴幼儿专科医院的医生们创造了“三手烟”这个词来形容它们。不难看出此处应该填上表示形容之意的动词，这四个词中只有D项有这样的意思。

　　6．A.focused

　　B．tended

　　C．tried

　　D．worked

　　答案　A

　　解析　由上一题的分析我们很容易看出此处应该填上表示针对(也就是以……为中心)之意的动词，A项就是这样的意思。

　　7．A.later

　　B．latest

　　C．best

　　D．previous

　　答案　B

　　解析　联系上下文的语境，经过分析，语意是：研究结果发表于最近一期的《小儿科》医学期刊上。故选B项。

　　8．A.but

　　B．and

　　C．however

　　D．or

　　答案　A

　　解析　联系上下文的语境及日常生活中的常识，经过分析，语意是：每个人都知道二手烟有害，但他们却不知道三手烟的存在。不难看出此处应该填上表示但是之意的连词，这四个词中只有A项(but：但是)有这样的意思。

　　9．A.along side

　　B．out of

　　C．in

　　D．beside

　　答案　B

　　解析　由日常生活中的常识，再联系上下文的语境，经过分析，语意是：只要孩子们在屋外，他们就可以吸烟。由语境我们不难看出此处应该填上表示“在……的外面”之意的介词，也即是B项。

　　10．A.cough

　　B．talk

　　C．observe

　　D．smoke

　　答案　D

　　解析　由语境：或者在车上时，把孩子放在后座上，打开车窗，也可以吸烟。联系全文的语境，我们知道此处应该填上表示吸烟之意的动词，故选D项。

　　11．A.cars

　　B．seats

　　C．kids

　　D．windows

　　答案　C

　　解析　联系上下文的语境，经过分析这一句的语意：他们认为这样就没有问题了，因为毕竟小孩子没吸到二手烟。我们不难看出此处应该填上表示孩子之意的名词，故选C项。

　　12．A.visible

　　B．invisible

　　C．poisonous

　　D．concrete

　　答案　A

　　解析　由上一题的分析，联系上下文的语境，我们不难看出此处语意是：而我们需要一个术语来描述这些看不见的香烟毒素。经过分析，此句是个否定句，应该填上表示看得见的之意的形容词，这四个词中只有A项(visible)有这样的意思。

　　13．A.policies

　　B．attitudes

　　C．bans

　　D．habits

　　答案　B

　　解析　由语境：该研究报告了全美1500个家庭对待吸烟的态度，我们不难看出此处应该填上表示态度之意的名词，也即是B项。

　　14．A.told

　　B．content

　　C．confident

　　D．aware

　　答案　D

　　解析　联系上下文的语境，由上一题的分析，我们容易推理出这一句的语境是：发现绝大多数受访者(烟民与非烟民)都明白二手烟损害儿童健康。很清楚，此处应该填上表示明白清楚之意的形容词，故选D项。

　　15．A.opposed

　　B．agreed

　　C．fought

　　D．connected

　　答案　B

　　解析　联系上下文的语境，经过分析，语意是：大约95%的不吸烟者和84%的吸烟者都同意“婴幼儿吸入父母的二手烟可能致病”的论断。因此，此处应该填上表示同意之意的动词，故选B项。

　　16．A.harm

　　B．destroy

　　C．improve

　　D．confuse

　　答案　A

　　解析　由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示致病之意的动词，致病就是对健康有害，也就是A项和health搭配之后的意思。

　　17．A.quite

　　B．very

　　C．far

　　D．too

　　答案　C

　　解析　联系全文的语境及日常生活中的常识，我们容易推理出这一句的语境是：但受访者中却很少有人知道三手烟的危害。经过分析，我们不难看出此处应该填上表示“很、相当”之意的副词来修饰形容词的比较级fewer，这四个词中只有C项有这样的意思，并且用来修饰形容词的比较级，然后用来代指人。

　　18．A.chances

　　B．risks

　　C．abilities

　　D．conditions

　　答案　B

　　解析　由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示危害之意的名词，这四个词中只B项(risks：冒险，危害)有这样的意思。

　　19．A.tomorrow

　　B．today

　　C．yesterday

　　D．weekend

　　答案　B

　　解析　联系上下文的语境，经过分析，语意是：因为这个名称过于新颖，所以调查者换了种说法，提问人们是否同意“昨天有人抽过烟的屋子里的空气今天或现在会对婴幼儿产生危害”的论断。我们不难看出此处应该表示今天和昨天相比，故选B项。

　　20．A.statement

　　B．mark

　　C．discussion

　　D．prejudice

　　答案　A

　　解析　经过分析，语意是：只有65%的非烟民和43%的烟民认同该说法。研究者以此作为公众承认三手烟危害的证据。我们容易推理出此处应该填上表示“说法、论述”之意的名词，这四个词中只有A项有这样的意思。

　　Ⅱ.阅读理解

　　When Boris left school，he could not find a job.He tried hard and pestered(纠缠) his relatives，but they had problems of their own.He answered advertisements until he could not afford to buy any more stamps.Boris grew annoyed，then depressed，then a little hardened.Still he went on trying and still he failed.He began to think that he had no future at all.

　　“Why don’t you start your own business？” one of his uncles told him.“The world is a money-locker.You’d better find a way of opening it.”

　　“But what can I do？”

　　“Get out and have a look round，”advised his uncle in a vague sort of way.“See what peop1e want; then give it to them，and they will pay for it.”

　　Boris began to cycle around the town and found a suitable piece of waste ground in the end.Then he set up his business as a cycle repairer.He worked hard，made friends with his customers and gradually managed to build up his goodwill and profit.A few months later，he found that he had more work than he could deal with by himself.He found a number of empty shops but they were all no good：in the wrong position，too expensive or with some other snag(障碍)．But at long last，he managed to find an empty shop on a new estate where there were plenty of customers but no competition.

　　Boris and his assistant taught themselves how to repair scooters and motor-cycles.Slowly but surely the profits increased and the business developed.At last，Boris had managed to open the money-locker and found bank notes and gold coins inside.

　　1．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

　　A．Goodwill Is the Key to Success.

　　B．The World Is a Money-locker.

　　C．No Education，No Future.

　　D．Difficulty of Starting a Small Business.

　　答案　B

　　解析　标题归纳题。纵观全文可以看出，文章通过主人公求职屡遭拒绝，最后经过调整思路赚得第一桶金，然后把自己的生意越做越大，从而打开了世界这把锁钱的锁的故事，由此可知，B项最能概括全文。

　　2．Which of the following best describes Boris’job hunting experience?

　　A．Surprising.

　　B．Encouraging.

　　C．Boring.

　　D．Disappointing.

　　答案　D

　　解析　推理判断题。第一段中描述了Boris求职接连失败的感受：Boris grew annoyed，then depressed，then a little hardened，因此四个选项中只有disappointing符合语境。

　　3．Boris starts his career by ________.

　　A．cycling around the town

　　B．developing a waste ground

　　C．repairing cycles

　　D．buying empty shops

　　答案　C

　　解析　细节理解题。由倒数第二段“Then he set up his business as a cycle repairer.”可知答案。

　　4．Boris finally chose an empty shop on a new estate because ________.

　　A．it was not so expensive

　　B．he had a lot of old customers there

　　C．he could make good use of his skills there

　　D．there were good opportunities there

　　答案　D

　　解析　推理判断题。由倒数第二段的“But at long last，he managed to find an empty shop on a new estate where there were plenty of customers but no competition.”可以看出，那里顾客较多、没有竞争，也就是说那里机会好，所以选D项。

　　5．We can infer from the last paragraph that Boris ________.

　　A．still couldn’t make good profits

　　B．set off in a successful career

　　C．found a lot of gold coins by accident

　　D．had great difficulty running his business

　　答案　B

　　解析　推理判断题。最后一段前半部分告诉我们他的生意越来越大，利润越来越可观，最后一句对此作了总结，由此可以看出，他的事业取得了成功。

　　Ⅲ.微写作

　　写作素材

　　1．前几天我从操场回来时发现，朋友送给我的那本作为礼物的书丢了。

　　2．幸运的是，我的一位同学发现了它并且得知这本书是我的。

　　3．我感激他的好心与细心并决定做一个乐于助人的人。

　　(素材来源于2012·湖南·书面表达)

　　提示：尽量使用高级表达：时间状语从句；定语从句；宾语从句及连接词the other day；fortunately等。

　　连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)

　　The other day，when I came back from the playground，I found the book which my friend sent me as a gift was gone.Fortunately，one of my classmates found it and learned that it belonged to me.I appreciate his kindness and consideration and determine to be a man who is always ready to help others.

　　1．identify v．辨认；显示出　identity n．身份　identical adj.相同的　identity card身份证　identify sb.as...确认某人为……　identify...with...将……等同于……

　　2．get rid of去掉　be rid of去掉　rid sb.of...去掉某人的……

　　3．not to mention更不用提　without mentioning更不用提　mention sth.to sb.向某人提及　Don’t mention it.不用谢。

　　4．The remaining includes heavy metals，carcinogens and even radioactive materials that young children can get on their hands and take in，especially if they’re crawling or playing on the floor.

　　句中that young children can get on their hands and take in为that引导的定语从句，if引导条件状语从句。

　　学会一种单词记忆法

　　19．商标记忆：通过看到的商标和广告随时随地记忆单词。

　　20．综合记忆：记忆单词最好综合利用多种方法，而不只是一种，充分利用各自的优点。

　　如何处理完形填空中较多的生词？

　　遇到生词时，要有目的地去猜想、思考，并对获得的信息进行推理判断。对与文章大意和做题有关系的重要生词，要采取“热处理”的方法，可利用副词或连词的并列、对比、因果等关系，也可利用构词法知识来猜测，还可根据定义、解释、举例、重述等猜测词义，最重要的是要能够根据词语所处的语境来猜测其含义。如本节完形填空第二段中的yet poisonous mixture of gases and particles(颗粒) clinging to smokers’ hair and __2__，not to mention cushions and carpeting，clinging可能是一生词，

　　我们可以通过上下文语境来大致猜测其意义：“有毒的烟和颗粒混合物________在吸烟者的头发、衣服，更不用提垫子和地毯上”，其意义应该为“吸附”。而对那些不影响文章理解的生词，可采取“冷处理”的方法，忽略即可。如本节完形填空中的The remaining __3(includes)__heavy metals，carcinogens and even radioactive materials that young children can get on their hands and take in，从该词前后的内容可知，单词carcinogens是和heavy metals，even radioactive materials并列的一类物质，我们无需知道其意义，只知其是烟中所含的一种有害物质即可。