Test 7
Ⅰ.完形填空
Like poorly managed stress，anger that isn’t handled in a healthy way can be not only uncomfortable，but even damaging to one’s health and personal life.Consider the following research on anger：
One study from the University of Washington School of Nursing studied __1__ problems in husbands and wives.Researchers cited(引用) previous evidence that anger problems and depressive symptoms have been linked to all major __2__ of death，but found that wives specifically found a greater association between anger and __3__ of depression，__4__ men tended to instead experience an __5__ between anger and health problems.
According to a study from Ohio State University，those who had less control over their anger __6__ to heal more slowly from wounds.Researchers gave blisters(起疱膏) to 98 participants and found that，after 8 days，those who had less control over their anger also tended to be __7__ healers.__8__，those participants also tended to have more cortisol (a stress hormone) in their system during the blistering procedure，__9__ that they may be more stressed in difficult situations as well.
__10__ study from Harvard School of Public Health studied hostility(敌对行为) in men and found that those with __11__ rates of hostility not only had poorer pulmonary functioning (breathing problems)，but experienced higher rates of decline as they aged.
Research with children and __12__ shows that anger __13__ is important for the younger set as well.Findings showed that youth who cope inappropriately with their anger are at greater __14__ for problem-ridden(受……支配的) interpersonal relationships.Their __15__ is also at risk; those who cope poorly with anger tend to have more negative __16__ when it comes to both mental and general health.This highlights the fact that anger management is an important skill to __17__ early.
These are just a few of the many studies linking anger to __18__ and emotional health problems，from the obvious to the __19__.Because poorly managed anger presents such a significant problem in so many areas of life，it’s important to take steps toward learning and using healthy anger management techniques in daily life，__20__ stress management techniques.
1．A.anger
B．health
C．emotion
D．spirit
答案 A
解析 这一句的语境是：一项来自华盛顿护士学校的研究研究了夫妻之间的生气问题，此处结合全文应该填上表示生气之意的名词，也即是A项。
2．A.causes
B．effects
C．excuses
D．factors
答案 A
解析 我们容易推理出这一句的语境是：研究人员引用了以前的数据：生气问题和抑郁症的症状都和主要的死亡原因有联系。我们不难看出此处应该填上表示原因之意的名词，只有A项(原因)有这样的意思。
3．A.times
B．results
C．influences
D．symptoms
答案 D
解析 联系上下文的语境，由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处语意应该是：但是发现妻子尤其觉得生气和抑郁症之间有联系，而丈夫认为生气和健康有联系。容易确定此处应该填上表示症状之意的名词，也即是D项。
4．A.but
B．if
C．while
D．though
答案 C
解析 由上一题的分析我们知道应选表示对比意味的然而之意的连词，故C项最佳。
5．A.appreciation
B．attention
C．association
D．attraction
答案 C
解析 由第三题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示联系之意的名词，故选C项。
6．A.prepared
B．addicted
C．accustomed
D．tended
答案 D
解析 经过分析，语意是：根据一项来自俄亥俄州立大学的研究，那些很少控制愤怒的人总是伤口愈合得慢。故D项最佳。
7．A.faster
B．more
C．slower
D．quicker
答案 C
解析 联系上下文的语境，我们容易推理出此处应该填上表示较慢的之意的形容词，也即是C项。
8．A.As well as B．In addition
C．Except
D．What’s worse
答案 B
解析 联系上下文的语意，我们容易推理出这一句的语境是：而且，这些人在起水泡过程中身体系统总是分泌出较多的压力激素，这说明在困难情况下他们可能也感到更多的压力。不难看出此处应该填上表示而且之意的词，这四个词中只有B项有这样的意思。
9．A.predicting
B．promising
C．expecting
D．suggesting
答案 D
解析 由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示说明之意的动词的现在分词，也即是D项。
10．A.Other
B．More
C．Another
D．The other
答案 C
解析 联系上下文的语境(上面介绍了两项研究)，我们容易推理出应该填上表示另外一项之意的代词，这四个词中只有C项有这样的意思。
11．A.higher
B．lower
C．thicker
D．fewer
答案 A
解析 经过分析，语意是：另一项来自哈佛公共健康学校的对于男人的攻击行为的研究表明：那些有着高比率的攻击行为的男性不仅有糟糕的呼吸问题，而且有随着他们变老衰老的比率也高的问题。我们不难看出此处应该填上表示较高的之意的形容词，也即是A项。
12．A.adults
B．adolescents
C．elders
D．citizens
答案 B
解析 联系上下文的语境(前面说的是成年人，这里要说小孩和青少年及青年人)，我们容易推理出这一句的语境是：对小孩和青少年的研究表明：控制恼怒对于他们同样重要。我们容易断定此处应该填上表示青少年之意的名词，也即是B项。
13．A.development
B．management
C．argument
D．engagement
答案 B
解析 由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示控制之意的名词，也即是B项。
14．A.chance
B．choice
C．rate
D．risk
答案 D
解析 联系上下文的语境及日常生活中的常识(易于发火的人容易被人惹恼)，我们容易推理出这一句的语境是：结果发现不能够合适地应对恼怒的年轻人，在人际交往中有较高的受人支配的风险。我们不难看出此处应该填上表示风险之意的名词，也即是D项。
15．A.body
B．feeling
C．health
D．emotion
答案 C
解析 由上一题的分析，我们容易推理出这一句的语境是：他们的健康也有风险。此处应该填上表示健康之意的名词，这四个词中只有C项有这样的意思。
16．A.outcomes
B．meanings
C．effects
D．pains
答案 A
解析 联系上下文的语境及日常生活中的常识，我们容易推理出这一句的语境是：那些不能合适地应对恼怒的人在精神和健康方面总是有比较负面的结果。我们容易看出此处应该填上表示结果之意的名词，也即是A项。
17．A.recite
B．learn
C．understand
D．explore
答案 B
解析 联系上下文的语境，我们容易推理出这一句的语境是：这就凸显了恼怒管理是要早些掌握的一种技能。此处应该填上表示学习之意的动词，这四个词中只有B项有这样的意思。
18．A.facial
B．spiritual
C．psychological
D．physical
答案 D
解析 联系上下文的语境，由上面的一系列的分析我们不难看出语意是：这些仅仅是很多把恼怒和人的身体及情感健康问题联系起来的研究中的几个研究。这些问题或明显或隐藏，结合日常生活中的常识(往往我们说人健康的时候总是说身心健康)，我们容易判断此处应该填上表示身体的之意的形容词，也即是D项。
19．A.unperfected
B．unexpected
C．unprotected
D．uncovered
答案 B
解析 由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示隐藏(也就是不曾为人料想到的)之意的动词的过去分词，这四个词中只有B项有这样的意思。
20．A.along with
B．along side
C．as with
D．for with
答案 A
解析 联系上下文的语意，我们容易推理出这一句的语境是：采取措施学习控制恼怒和压力的技能是重要的。此处该填上表示“和……一起”之意的介词词组，也即是A项。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Language learning begins with listening.Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking，and later starters are often long listeners.Most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak，though the word “obey” is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the children.Before they can speak，many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.
Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties.It is agreed that they enjoy making noises，and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight，pain，friendliness，and so on.But since these can’t be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate，they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language.It is agreed，too，that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment，and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store.This self-imitation(模仿) leads on to deliberate(有意的) imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people.The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.
It is a problem we need to get our teeth into.The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation; and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world.Thus the use，at seven months，of “mama” as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at another time for his father，his dog，or anything else he likes.Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself.I doubt，however，whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds.
1．Before children start speaking ________.
A．they need equal amount of listening
B．they need different amounts of listening
C．they are all eager to cooperate with the adults by obey spoken instructions
D．they can’t understand and obey the adult’s oral instructions
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段“Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking...”可知此题答案为B项。
2．Children who start speaking late ________.
A．may have problems with their listening
B．probably do not hear enough language spoken around them
C．usually pay close attention to what they hear
D．often take a long time in learning to listen properly
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...later starters are often long listeners.”可知答案选D项。
3．A baby’s first noises are ________.
A．an expression of his moods and feelings
B．an early form of language
C．a sign that he means to tell you something
D．an imitation of the speech of adults
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段“...the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight，pain，friendliness，and so on.”可知正确答案为A项。
4．The problem of deciding at what point a baby’s imitations can be considered as speech ________.
A．is important because words have different meanings for different people
B．is not especially important because the changeover takes place gradually
C．is one that should be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with age
D．is one that should be completely ignored because children’s use of words is often meaningless
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段“...and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world.”可知C项为正确答案。
5．The speaker implies ________.
A．parents can never hope to teach their children new sounds
B．children no longer imitate people after they begin to speak
C．children who are good at imitating learn new words more quickly
D．even after they have learnt to speak，children still enjoy imitating
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段“Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself.”可推知此题答案为D项。
Ⅲ.微写作
写作素材
1．配有彩图的课文有助于我们理解英语。
2．过去不喜欢英语的同学也对英语感兴趣了。
3．然而有些课文的词汇对我们来说太难。
(素材来源于2012·辽宁·书面表达)
提示：尽量使用高级表达：定语从句；turn out to be；however等。
连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)
The texts with colorful pictures can help us understand English better.The students who used to dislike English turned out to be interested in it.However，some texts have too many new words and expressions which are hard for us.
1．tend v．倾向于；照顾 tendence n．倾向；趋势 tend to do...倾向于做…… tend to sb./sth.照顾have a tendence to do...有……的倾向
2．attempt n．& v．试图；努力 attempted adj.未遂的 attempt to do...试图做…… make an attempt to.../at doing...尝试(试图)做…… attempted suicide自杀未遂
3．cope with处理；应付 近似短语：deal with，do with，treat with
4．The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.
本句中at which引导定语从句，at which可改为where (英语中当先行词为point，case，situation，condition等，且定语从句中不缺少主要成分时，要用where引导定语从句)，在该定语从句中包含一个由that引导的宾语从句。as to意为“关于；至于”。
5．Like poorly managed stress，anger that isn’t handled in a healthy way can be not only uncomfortable，but even damaging to one’s health and personal life.
该句中that引导定语从句修饰先行词anger，not only...but (also)．..连接并列成分。
学会一种单词记忆法
11．软件记忆：有电脑的可利用电脑软件记单词，如：《开心背单词》、《开天辟地背单词》、《我爱背单词》等。
12．阅读记忆：通过阅读英语文章、小说等记忆，注意选择难度要适宜。
完形填空解题技巧
1．读懂句子意思，选择正确答案。
这是此题型设置最简单的一种，它相当于一道单项选择题，不需要通读上下文，而只需读懂设空处的句子便能判断出正确答案。
2．利用语法关联，选出最佳选项。
熟悉引导词(关系词)的用法，解题时要善于分析句子结构。
3．明确语境，辨清词语差异。
4．突破句子的限制，捕捉篇章信息。
5．根据固定搭配和固定句型，确定正确选项。
固定搭配，特别是动词、名词、形容词、介词的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例较大。
6．利用同义词、近义词或反义词的复现，排除干扰选项。
在完形填空文章中，常会有某一词语在语篇中重复出现的现象，有时也会出现一些与选项意义紧密相连的同义词或近义词。
7．巧用逻辑关系语，定位相关选项。
逻辑关系语指表示各种逻辑意义的连接部分，主要有：and，but，or，in addition，that is to say等。
8．依据背景常识，确定正确答案。
考生在解题时，可以根据生活常识充分想象当时的情景。如本节完形填空中的第1空One study from the University of Washington School of Nursing studied __1__ problems in husbands and wives.本文的主题就是说明了几项对生活中的恼怒和心理压力的研究。所以我们应把生活中的我们经常感受的有关恼怒和压力的实际情况和作者的思路逻辑联系起来。根据日常生活中的常识，我们容易推理出这一句的语境是：一项来自华盛顿护士学校的研究研究了夫妻之间的生气问题，此处结合全文应该填上表示生气之意的名词，也即是A项。