Test 4
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
It might seem hard to imagine that a bad tooth could be deadly.But doctors in the Washington area said a boy died when a tooth infection spread to his brain.They said it might have been prevented had he received the dental care he needed.He was 12 years old.
Experts at the National Institutes of Health say good dental care starts at birth.Breast milk，they say，is the best food for the healthy development of teeth.Breast milk can help slow bacterial growth and acid production in the mouth.
But dentists say a baby’s gums and early teeth should be cleaned after each feeding.Use a cloth with a little warm water.Do the same if a baby is fed with a bottle.Experts say if you decide to put your baby to sleep with a bottle，give only water.
When baby teeth begin to appear，you can clean them with a wet toothbrush.Dentists say it is important to find soft toothbrushes made especially for babies and to use them very gently.
The use of fluoride(氯化物) to protect teeth is common in many parts of the world.For example，it is often added to drinking water supplies.The fluoride mixes with enamel (釉质)，the hard surface on teeth，to help prevent holes，or cavities，from forming.
But young children often swallow toothpaste when they brush.The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry notes that swallowing fluoridated toothpaste can cause problems.So young children should be carefully supervised when they brush their teeth.And only a small amount of fluoridated toothpaste，the size of a green pea，should be used.
Parents often wonder what effect thumb sucking or sucking on a pacifier might have on their baby’s teeth.Dental experts generally agree that this is fine early in life.
The American Academy of Family Physicians says most children stop sucking their thumb by the age of four.If it continues，the group advises parents to talk to their child’s dentist or doctor.It could interfere with the correct development of permanent teeth.
1．The boy with a bad tooth died because ________.
A．his tooth disease was very deadly
B．the doctor refused to treat him properly
C．he didn’t receive timely treatment
D．something was wrong with his brain
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They said it might have been prevented had he received the dental care he needed.”可知，如果男孩得到及时的治疗的话，或许能阻止这种事情的发生。
2．All the following statements are good to the teeth except that________.
A．the children live on the breast milk every day
B．the children begin to brush their teeth when they are old enough
C．the children use fluoride toothpaste to brush their teeth
D．the children form the habit of sucking their thumbs
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。第四段中的“When baby teeth begin to appear，you can clean them with a wet toothbrush.”告诉我们，在婴儿的牙齿刚长出来的时候就应该用湿的牙刷给他刷牙。
3．The underlined word “supervised” in the sixth paragraph means ________.
A．watched and directed
B．taught and helped
C．raised and advised
D．led and pointed out
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据上下文可知该词的意思是“监督，指导”。该句的意思是：孩子们刷牙的时候应该给予监督和指导。
4．Which one of the following is NOT true according to this passage?
A．Dental care should be given to the babies as soon as they are born.
B．Special toothbrushes should be used for babies.
C．Breast milk and fluoride are helpful to protect the baby teeth.
D．Dental experts suggest stopping the babies sucking their thumbs.
答案 D
解析 正误判断题。由第七、八段可知，早期的吮吸大拇指是有好处的，但是四岁的时候如果还这样就要寻求牙医的帮助了。因此，D项的意思不明确，是错误的。
5．The best title of this passage is ________.
A．The Reason of a Twelve-year-old Boy’s Death
B．The Baby Teeth Should Be Cared for from Birth
C．Breast Milk and Fluoride Are Important
D．How to Help Young Children Form Good Habits
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。文章通过对一个12岁的男孩死亡事例的分析，说明了孩子的牙齿从出生时就要得到及时的护理。
B
Death Valley is one of the most famous deserts in the United States，covering a wide area with its alkali sand.Almost 20 percent of this area is well below sea level，and Badwater，a salt water pool，is about 280 feet below sea level and the lowest point in the United States.
Long ago the Panamint Indians called this place “Tomesha”—the land of fire.Death Valley’s present name dates back to 1849，when a group of miners coming across from Nevada became lost in its unpleasantness and hugeness and their adventure turned out to be a sad story.Today Death Valley has been declared a National Monument(纪念碑) and is crossed by several well-marked roads where good services can be found easily.Luckily the change created by human settlement has hardly ruined the special beauty of this place.
Here nature created a lot of surprising，almost like the sights on the moon，ever-changing as the frequent wind moves the sand about，showing the most unusual colors.One of the most astonishing and variable parts of Death Valley is the Devil’s Golf Course，where it seems hard for one to tell reality from terrible dreams.Sand sculptures(沙雕) stand on a frightening ground，as evening shadows move and lengthen.
6．________ is the lowest place in the desert.
A．Tomesha
B．Death Valley
C．Nevada
D．Badwater
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据“...and Badwater，a salt water pool，is about 280 feet below sea level and the lowest point in the United States.”可推知此题答案为 D项。
7．The name of the valley comes from ________.
A．an Indian name
B．the death of the miners
C．the local people
D．a National Movement
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据“...when a group of miners coming across from Nevada became lost in its unpleasantness and hugeness and their adventure turned out to be a sad story.”可知“死亡谷”的名称来源于这些迷路矿工的死亡。
8．From the passage we can learn that ________.
A．no one had ever known the desert before the miners
B．it’s still not easy to travel across the desert
C．people can find gas-stations，cafes and hotels in the desert
D．people have changed the natural sight of the desert
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据“...well-marked roads where good services can be found easily.”可以判断 C项为最佳答案。
9．Devil Golf Course is famous for ________.
A．the frequent wind
B．the colors of the sand
C．dream-like sights
D．the sand sculptures
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据“...where it seems hard for one to tell reality from terrible dreams.”可推知答案为C项。
10．From the passage we can see that the writer ________ the Death Valley.
A．appreciates
B．is fearful of
C．dislikes
D．is tired of
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据“the special beauty of this place...like the sights on the moon...ever-changing...showing the most unusual colors”等关键词语可以知道作者是带着赞赏的语气来描述“死亡谷”的。
Ⅱ.微写作
写作素材
1．日常生活中与别人发生冲突很常见。
2．为了避免冲突，友善与体谅对享有和谐生活很重要。
3．在竞争激烈与压力大的社会环境中，谅解别人是一种美德。
(素材来源于2012·江苏·书面表达)
提示：尽量使用高级表达：动名词短语作主语；用it作形式主语等。
连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)
Conflicts with others are common in everyday life.In order to avoid conflicts，being kind and considerate is essential to enjoy a harmonious life.It is a virtue to forgive and forget，especially in such a competitive and stressful society.
1．spread v．扩展；流传；伸展(四肢) spread out散开 spread the word/message传播消息/信息
2．interfere v．介入；干涉；妨碍 interference n．介入；干涉 interfere with妨碍；扰乱
3．at birth出生时 give birth to生；引起 by birth出身
4．They said it might have been prevented had he received the dental care he needed.
该句动词said后为一宾语从句，在从句中包含一个if引导的条件状语从句，且主从句都用了虚拟语气，从句为省略形式，完整形式为：They_said_that_it_might_have_been_prevented_if_he_had_received_the_dental_care_he_needed.，其中he needed为定语从句修饰先行词care。
5．Death Valley’s present name dates back to 1849，when a group of miners coming across from Nevada became lost in its unpleasantness and hugeness and their adventure turned out to be a sad story.
句中date back to (date from)意为“追溯到”；when引导定语从句，coming across from Nevada为现在分词短语作后置定语修饰miners，and连接两个单句a group of miners...hugeness和their adventure turned out to be a sad story。
学会一种单词记忆法
5．卡片记忆：自制单词卡片随时随地记单词，卡片写上单词的词形、词性、词义、音标、搭配、例句等。
6．词典记忆：即背字典，这种方法是一种强行记忆的方法。它的缺点是容易忘记，只是孤立记住单词的意义。可以作为一种短时间的强化手段。
如何回答有关主旨大意的问题？
1．把此类问题留在最后。因为回答其它细节性问题后，自然就会对文章大意有一定的了解。
2．找出文章中心思想句。要把注意力放在阅读材料的开头和结尾，放在观点性、归纳性和概括性的句子上，放在被许多句子说明和证实的句子上。
3．找出各个段落的主题句。主题句有以下几个特征：(1)它是概括全段思想的句子；(2)一般出现在段首，其次是段尾，有的出现在段落当中；(3)它表达的是观点，而不是事实。
4．注意由in summary，in a word，as a result，finally，in short，in conclusion和in brief等“信号词”引导的句子。
5．正确选项的特点：不出现细节信息；不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词。
6．干扰项特点：细节信息明显；过于笼统。
本节A篇第5题就是有关主旨大意的问题。A、C项都是原文中的细节，不合适；D项范围太大，过于笼统，也不适合，故只有B项合适，整个文章都是围绕这一话题而展开的。文章的第二段第一句话就是概括全段思想的句子。