重庆市2014高考英语阅读理解一轮（精品）训练题（5）附答案

　　重庆市2014高考英语阅读理解一轮（精品）训练题（5）附答案

　　As any homemaker who has tried to keep order at the dinner table knows, there is far more to a family meal than food. Sociologist Michael Lewis has been studying 50 families to find out just how much more.

　　Lewis and his co-workers carried out their study by videotaping(录像）the families while they ate ordinary meals in their own homes. They found that parents with small families talk actively with each other and their children. But as the number of children gets larger, conversation gives way to the parents’ efforts to control the loud noise they make. That can have an important effect on the children. “In general the more question-asking the parents do, the higher the children’s IQ scores,” Lewis says. “And the more children there are, the less question-asking there is.”

　　The study also provides an explanation for why middle children often seem to have a harder time in life than their siblings（兄弟姐妹）. Lewis found that in families with three or four children, dinner conversation is likely to center on the oldest child, who has the most to talk about, and the youngest, who needs the most attention. “Middle children are invisible,” says Lewis. “When you see someone get up from the table and walk around during dinner, chances are it’s the middle child.” There is, however, one thing that stops all conversation and prevents anyone from having attention：“When the TV is on,” Lewis says, “dinner is a non-event.”

　　62. The writer’s purpose in writing the text is to____________.

　　A. show the relationship between parents and children

　　B. teach parents ways to keep order at the dinner table

　　C. report on the findings(结果) of a study

　　D. give information about family problems

　　63. Parents with large families ask fewer questions at dinner because_________.

　　A. they are busy serving food to their children

　　B. they are busy keeping order at the dinner table

　　C. they have to pay more attention to younger children

　　D. they are tired out having prepared food for the whole family

　　64. By saying “Middle children are invisible” in paragraph 3, Lewis means that middle children__________.

　　A. have to help their parents to serve dinner

　　B. get the least attention from the family

　　C. are often kept away from the dinner table

　　D. find it hard to keep up with other children

　　65. Lewis research provides an answer to the question__________.

　　A. why TV is important in family life

　　B. why parents should keep good order

　　C. why children in small families seem to be quieter

　　D. why middle children seem to have more difficulties in life

　　66. Which of the following statements would the writer agree to?

　　A. It is important to have the right food for children.

　　B. It is a good idea to have the TV on during dinner.

　　C. Parents should talk to each of their children frequently.

　　D. Elder children should help the younger ones at dinner.

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　　C8[2012·福建卷]

　　Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently it's because we have mirror neurons(神经元)in our brains.

　　Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate(模仿)it, whether or not we actually perform the same action. This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes further: mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.

　　Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example：“The hand took hold of the ball”), the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball)．

　　Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.

　　Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact(互动)．Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent(相等物)for neuroscience of what Einstein's theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else does—well, perhaps you'll understand why.

　　67．Mirror neurons can explain ________.

　　A．why we cry when we are hurt

　　B．why we cough when we suffer from a cold

　　C．why we smile when we see someone else smile

　　D．why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late

　　68．The underlined word “triggered” in the third paragraph probably means “________”．

　　A．set off

　　B．cut off

　　C．built up

　　D．broken up

　　69．We can learn from the passage that mirror neurons ________.

　　A．relate to human behavior and interaction

　　B．control human physical actions and feelings

　　C．result in bad behavior and social disorders

　　D．determine our knowledge and language abilities

　　70．What is the passage mainly about?

　　A．Ways to find mirror neurons.

　　B．Problems of mirror neurons.

　　C．Existence of mirror neurons.

　　D．Functions of mirror neurons.

　　【要点综述】本文是一篇科普说明文。介绍了镜像神经元的作用。

　　67.C　推理判断题。从第二段的第一句话“every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate it”可知镜像神经元的作用就是当我们看到别人做某事，我们也会跟着做。

　　68. A　词义猜测题。根据第三段镜像神经元对语言的作用，当人们听到“手抓住球”这句话时，神经元就开始起作用了，就像手抓住球这个动作真的发生一样。set off：出发；触发。

　　69. A　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知答案。

　　70. D　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了人体镜像神经元的作用。

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　　C8 [2012·课标全国卷]

　　Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees' nest and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper—a little bird called a honey guide.

　　The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax in the beehives (蜂房). The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees' nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the_follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share.

　　Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.

　　60. Why is it difficult to find a wild bees' nest?

　　A. It's small in size.

　　B. It's hidden in trees.

　　C. It's covered with wax.

　　D. It's hard to recognize.

　　61. What do the words “the follower” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

　　A. A bee.

　　B. A bird.

　　C. A honey seeker.

　　D. A beekeeper.

　　62. The honey guide is special in the way ________.

　　A. it gets its food

　　B. it goes to church

　　C. it sings in the forest

　　D. it reaches into bees' nests

　　63. What can be the best title for the text?

　　A. Wild Bees

　　B. Wax and Honey

　　C. Beekeeping in Africa

　　D. Honey­Lover's Helper

　　【要点综述】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了honey­lover's helper独特的掠食方式，它帮助人和动物找到蜂蜜，待到他们吃掉蜂蜜后，它再吃蜂蜡。科学家们对此也感到迷惑不解。

　　60. B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段 “Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them.”可知B正确。

　　61. C　词义猜测题。根据文章第一段“In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper—a little bird called a honey guide.”可推知：跟在honey guide后面的是people and animals，而他们统称为honey seeker(寻找蜂蜜的人或动物们)。

　　62. A　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it.”科学家们都不知道为什么honey guide对蜂蜡感兴趣，当然它们获得蜂蜡的方式也更加特别。

　　63. D　标题归纳题。文章通篇都在叙述有关honey­lover's helper的事情，第一段通过叙述引出honey­lover's helper这一中心词；第二段叙述honey­lover's helper获取蜂蜡的过程；第三段科学家们对honey­lover's helper的掠食方式感到迷惑。

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　　(2011·宁德质检，B)

　　TOEFL stands for Test of English as a Foreign Language, which assesses the proficiency (熟练) of English language of a person in an academic setting. Various institutions, scholarship programs require this test as a trusted and effective indicator of a person's ability to communicate in English.

　　TOEFL is available in CBT—Computer­based Technology, PBT—Paper­based Technology and IBT—Internet­based Test formats(形式)to assess the proficiency of English Language. IBT TOEFL is a four­hour test comprising sections: Reading, Listening, Speaking and Writing. In areas where internet­based test is not available, a paper­based test (PBT) is given. PBT is a three­hour test comprising four sections: Listening, Structure and Written Expression, Reading Comprehension and Writing.

　　Taking TOEFL test opens many doors to get admission in foreign universities. More than 7,500 colleges, universities and agencies in more than 130 countries rely on TOEFL test scores to check proficiency for English Language. It is very convenient to take this test and it is available in 165 countries world wide.

　　It measures your academic skills that whether you are ready to study or train at under graduate or post graduate level in foreign universities or not. In the test candidates are provided with a passage from text books and questions based on lectures, and you can be asked to speak or write in response related to that passage.

　　As the test is made up of 100 % academic questions, so many universities consider it the most effective test, while taking any admission. To take TOEFL test you should：

　　—Improve your writing skills；

　　—Improve your vocabulary；

　　—Practice other reading passages on the TOEFL Test；

　　—Be familiar with the format of the test；

　　—Practice for listening test on the TOEFL test.

　　To take admission in World's famous Harvard University, the minimum TOEFL score required is 587 on the paper­based test, 240 on the computer­based test, or 94­95 on the internet­based TOEFL.

　　你知道托福考试吗？本文为你一一道来。

　　5. The underlined word “comprising” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.

　　A. including

　　B. forming

　　C. combining

　　D. explaining

　　答案：A。猜测词义题。所在句句意：IBT TOEFL是一个需要四个小时的包括听说读写四个模块的考试。所以是包括的意思。

　　6. Which section is NOT included in IBT TOEFL?

　　A. Reading.

　　B. Writing.

　　C. Speaking.

　　D. Structure and Written Expression.

　　答案：D。细节理解题。由第二段第二句话“IBT TOEFL is a four­hour test comprising sections: Reading, Listening, Speaking and Writing.”可知，无D项内容。

　　7．According to the passage, many students are required to take TOEFL test probably because the test can________.

　　A. improve their academic skills

　　B. indicate their proficiency of English language

　　C. provide scholarship programs in many countries

　　D. decide your graduation from foreign universities

　　答案：B。细节理解题。由第一段第二句话“as a trusted and effective indicator of a person's ability to communicate in English.”可知，许多院校要求学生过托福考试，是因为它们认为托福考试能反映一个人的英语语言的熟练程度。

　　8．What would be the best title for the passage?

　　A. Advantages of TOEFL test

　　B. Introduction to TOEFL test

　　C. Preparations for TOEFL test

　　D. Assessment of TOEFL test

　　答案：B。主旨大意题。由文章大意可知，这是对托福考试的介绍。C6 [2012·浙江卷]

　　Easter(复活节)is still a great day for worship, candy in baskets and running around the yard finding eggs, but every year it gets quite a bit worse for bunnies.

　　And no, not because the kids like to pull their ears. The culprit is climate change, and some researchers found that rising temperatures are having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit in the US.

　　Take the Lower Keys Marsh rabbit, for instance. An endangered species that lives in the Lower Florida Keys, this species of cottontail is a great swimmer—it lives on the islands！—but it is already severely affected by development and now by rising sea levels. According to the Center for Biological Diversity, an ocean level rise of only 0.6 meters will send these guys jumping to higher ground and a 0.9­meter rise would wipe out their habitat(栖息地)completely.

　　The snowshoe hare, on the other hand, has a color issue. Most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the wintertime to brown in the summer, each designed to give them better cover from predators(捕食者). As the number of days with snow decreases all across the country, however, more and more bunnies are being left in white fur during brown dirt days of both fall and spring, making them an easier mark for predators. Researchers know that the color change is controlled by the number of hours of sunlight, but whether the rabbit will be able to adapt quick enough to survive is a big question. The National Wildlife Federation has reported that hunters have noticed their numbers are already markedly down.

　　American pikas or rock rabbits, a relative of rabbits and hares, might be the first of these species to go extinct due to climate change. About 7­8 inches long, pikas live high in the cool, damp mountains west of the Rocky Mountains. As global temperatures rise, they would naturally migrate(迁移) to higher ground—but they already occupy the mountaintops. They can't go any higher. The National Wildlife Federation reports that they might not be able to stand the new temperatures as their habitat heats up.

　　The volcano rabbit has the same problem. These rabbits live on the slopes of volcanoes in Mexico, and recent studies have shown that the lower range of their habitat has already shifted upward about 700 meters, but there are not suitable plants for them to move higher, so they are stuck in the middle. Scientists are concerned about their populations.

　　Native to the US, pygmy rabbits weigh less than 1 pound and live in the American West. They are believed to be the smallest rabbits in the world. Their habitats have been destroyed by development. Several populations, such as the Columbia Basin pygmy, almost went extinct and were saved by zoo breeding programs. Pygmy rabbits also rely on winter cover by digging tunnels through the snow to escape predators, but lesser snowfall is leaving them exposed.

　　All of this gives new meaning to dressing up in a giant bunny costume this Easter.

　　41．The writer mentions Easter at the beginning of the passage in order to ________.

　　A．show the importance of Easter Day

　　B．introduce the issue about bunnies

　　C．remind people of Easter traditions

　　D．discuss the relationship between Easter and bunnies

　　42．The word “culprit”(Paragraph 2)is closest in meaning to ________.

　　A．criminal

　　B．judge

　　C．victim

　　D．producer

　　43．According to the passage, some rabbits can now be easily discovered by predators because they ________.

　　A．are exposed to more skillful hunters

　　B．have moved to habitats with fewer plants

　　C．haven't adapted themselves to climate change

　　D．can't change their fur color into white in the fall and the spring

　　44．The problem faced by volcano rabbits and rock rabbits is that ________.

　　A．both are affected by less snow

　　B．both are affected by rising sea levels

　　C．neither can find enough food

　　D．neither can migrate to higher places

　　45．Which best describes the writer's tone in the passage?

　　A．Approving.

　　B．Concerned.

　　C．Enthusiastic.

　　D．Doubtful.

　　【要点综述】复活节的兔子，本应该是很喜庆的动物，但是现状却是由于气候变化，很多兔子面临着灭绝的危险，那么它们到底有着怎么样的困境呢？让我们读文章去了解一下吧。

　　41. B　推理判断题。从文章第一段…gets quite a bit worse for bunnies和第二段And no, not because the kids like…等知，第一段提到复活节的目的在于引出下文中关于兔子的话题，故应该选B项。

　　42. A　词义猜测题。从文章第二段And no, not because the kids like…和…is climate change…，以及下文多次提到的兔子们遭受到的困境可知，这里culprit表示“罪魁祸首，灾难制造者”的含义，所以词义同A项。

　　43. C　推理判断题。从第二段知，受气候的影响，兔子们遇到了困境。比如第三段提到的Lower Keys Marsh rabbit(湿地兔)和第四段提到的the snowshoe hare(雪兔)都反映出它们对环境变化的不适应，这才是造成它们受困的原因，所以选C项。

　　44. D　细节理解题。从第五段…they would naturally migrate(迁移) to higher ground—but they…They

　　can’t go any higher…和第六段…but there are not suitable plants for them to move higher…知，这两种兔子濒临灭绝的原因在于它们都无法进一步向高地迁徙。所以选D项。

　　45. B　观点态度题。从第一段…gets quite a bit worse for bunnies，以及全文字里行间作者对于兔子遭遇的表述可以看出，作者对于有些兔子濒临灭绝的现状表现出了关心和担忧，所以选B项。

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