重庆市2014高考英语阅读理解一轮（精品）训练题（4）附答案

　　重庆市2014高考英语阅读理解一轮（精品）训练题（4）附答案

　　阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　A

　　Society in the 21st century will have to deal with many problems. What are the biggest problems.?There are diseases like AIDS and cancer. There's climate change，of course. And what about producing enough cheap food and energy for the world's growing population? Who's going to solve all these terrible problems? Yes，politicians and world leaders will have a big part to play. Yes，businesses will need to create the economic (经济的)wealth to pay for some of these things. But who's going to make a much greater difference to something like AIDS or climate change? It's going to be a scientist. It is the scientist who can turn some new bit of science into a new technology to solve these problems.

　　If you like thinking about the world around you，why not become a scientist? It doesn't mean you have to wear a white coat and plastic glasses and spend all your time in a lab as most people often imagine! Scientists do all kinds of amazing things that are actually interesting!

　　Military (军事的) scientists develop not only new weapons (武器) but new military technologies that could help make wars out of date. Forensic (法医的) scientists work with the police to find quite small clues to bust (指控) criminals. Scientists work in schools and colleges as the teachers and professors who will train tomorrow's scientists. Don't think a scientist is far away! Maybe you like cooking? You could be a food technologist helping to keep fruit and vegetables fresher for longer. Perhaps sport is your thing? Do you know that most top athletes work with sports scientists in order to improve their performance? You could even be the science writer who gets to spend the life studying the latest advances and sharing them with the world

　　Looking for something to do for the rest of your life? My advice? Take a long and hard look at science. It is interesting and ever.

　　56. Many problems are mentioned in the first paragraph to

　　.

　　A. suggest they are impossible to be solved

　　B. introduce the causes of these problems

　　C. show the writer's worry about the future world

　　D. show scientists play an important part in solving them

　　57. What is needed to solve these problems?

　　A. Advanced weapons.

　　B. Enough energy.

　　C. New technologies.

　　D. A growing population

　　58. Most people think the life of scientists is

　　·

　　A amazing

　　B. boring

　　C. colorful

　　D. unreal

　　59. Who can help the police solve a case according to the passage?

　　A. Military scientists.

　　B. Food technologists.

　　C. Forensic scientists

　　D. Science writers

　　60. The passage is for people who

　　.

　　A. haven't decided on their jobs

　　B. have no interest in science

　　C. hope for the world peace

　　D. have little knowledge of science

　　********************************************************结束

　　A

　　(2011·浙江卷，A)

　　One evening in February 2007, a student named Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote road in Wales. She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path. That's when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train. Her Rensult Clio was parked across a railway line. Seconds later, she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks.

　　Ceely's near_miss made the news because she blamed it on her GPS device (导航仪). She had never driven the route before. It was dark and raining heavily. Ceely was relying on her GPS, but it made no mention of the crossing. “I put my complete trust in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding train，” she told the BBC.

　　Who is to blame here? Rick Stevenson, who tells Ceely's story in his book When Machines Fail Us, points the finger at the limitations of technology. We put our faith in digital devices, he says, but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job. They are filled with small problems. And it's not just GPS devices: Stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless keyboards.

　　The problem with his argument in the book is that it's not clear why he only focuses on digital technology, while there may be a number of other possible causes. A map­maker might have left the crossing off a paper map. Maybe we should blame Ceely for not paying attention. Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signalling system. Or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong with the GPS equipment. But Stevenson doesn't say.

　　It's a problem that runs through the book. In a section on cars, Stevenson gives an account of the advanced techniques that criminals use to defeat computer­based locking systems for cars. He offers two independent sets of figures on car theft; both show a small rise in some parts of the country. He says that once again not all new locks have proved reliable. Perhaps, but maybe it's also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets. Or changing social circumstances. Or some combination of these factors.

　　The game between humans and their smart devices is amusing and complex. It is shaped by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in. Somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be a way for a wiser use of technology.

　　If there is such a way, it should involve more than just an awareness of the shortcomings of our machines. After all, we have lived with them for thousands of years. They have probably been fooling us for just as long.

　　本文是议论文。讨论了人与现代科技的关系。

　　1．What did Paula Ceely think was the cause of her accident?

　　A．She was not familiar with the road.

　　B．It was dark and raining heavily then.

　　C．The railway workers failed to give the signal.

　　D．Her GPS device didn't tell her about the crossing.

　　答案：D。细节理解题。根据文中所述“Ceely was relying on her GPS. But it made no mention of the crossing.‘I put my complete trust in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding train，’she told the BBC.”可知，Ceely行驶中完全依赖导航仪， 显然Ceely认为出事故的原因是导航仪对于十字路口没有任何提示造成的。

　　2．The phrase “near miss” (Paragraph 2) can best be replaced by ________.

　　A．close hit　

　　B．heavy loss

　　C．narrow espace

　　D．big mistake

　　答案：C。词义猜测题。根据上下文不难看出，在此near miss与narrow escape同义，意为“侥幸逃生”。

　　3．Which of the following would Rick Stevenson most probably agree with?

　　A．Modern technology is what we can't live without.

　　B．Digital technology often falls short of our expectation.

　　C．Digital devices are more reliable than they used to be.

　　D．GPS error is not the only cause for Ceely's accident.

　　答案：B。推理判断题。A现代技术是我们的生活必备；B数字技术常常出乎的我们的意料；C数字仪器比以前更可靠了；D导航仪的失误不是Ceely出事故的唯一原因。根据Rick Stevenson 所说We put our faith in digital devices, he says，but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job.不难看出，Rick Stevenson认为我们信赖的数字仪器常常不能胜任它的工作，显然B项正确。

　　4．In the writer's opinion，Stevenson's argument is ________.

　　A．one­sided

　　B．reasonable

　　C．puzzling

　　D．well­based

　　答案：A。观点态度判断题。one­sided片面的；偏于一方的 ；reasonable合情合理的；puzzling令人困惑的；well­based有事实依据的。在第四段中作者发表自己的观点，并且说But Stevenson doesn't say，显然A项正确。

　　5．What is the real concern of the writer of this article?

　　A．The major causes of traffic accidents and car thefts.

　　B．The relationship between humans and technology.

　　C．The shortcomings of digital devices we use.

　　D．The human unawareness of technical problems.

　　答案：B。主旨大意题。A交通事故和车辆盗窃事故的主要原因；B人类和技术的关系；C我们所用数字仪器的弊端；D人类没有意识到技术问题。通读全文可以看出B项正确。

　　B

　　(2011·江西卷，C)

　　The garden city was largely the invention of Ebenezer Howard (1850～1928). After immigrating from England to the USA, and an unsuccessful attempt to make a living as a farmer, he moved to Chicago, where he saw the reconstruction of the city after the disastrous fire of 1871. In those days, it was nicknamed “the Garden City”， almost certainly the source of Howard's name for his later building plan of towns. Returning to London, Howard developed his design in the 1880s and 1890s, drawing_on ideas that were popular at the time, but creating a unique combination of designs.

　　The nineteenth­century poor city was in many ways a terrible place, dirty and crowded; but it offered economic and social opportunities. At the same time, the British countryside was in fact equally unattractive: though it promised fresh air and nature, it suffered from agricultural depression(萧条)and it offered neither enough work and wages, nor much social life. Howard's idea was to combine the best of town and country in a new kind of settlement, the garden city. Howard's idea was that a group of people should set up a company, borrowing money to establish a garden city in the depressed countryside, far enough from existing cities to make sure that the land was bought at the bottom price.

　　Garden cities would provide a central public open space, radial avenues and connecting industries. They would be surrounded

　　by a much larger area of green belt, also owned by the company, containing not merely

　　farms but also some industrial institutions. As more and more people moved in, the garden city would reach its planned limit—Howard suggested 32,000 people; then, another would be started a short distance away. Thus, over time, there would develop a vast planned house collection, extending almost limit; within it, each garden city would offer a wide range of jobs and services, but each would also be connected to the others by a rapid transportation system, thus giving all the economic and social opportunities of a big city.

　　本文是一篇记叙文，记叙了Ebenezer Howard在偏僻的农村发明了花园城市。在花园城市里，有公共空间、林荫大道、各种工作和服务设施。

　　6．How did Howard get the name for his building plan of garden cities?

　　A．Through his observation of the country life.

　　B．Through the combination of different ideas.

　　C．By taking other people's advice.

　　D．By using the nickname of the reconstructed chicago.

　　答案：D。细节理解题。根据第一段的“In those days，it was nicknamed ‘the Garden City’，almost certainly the source of Howard's name for his later building plan of towns.”可知D项正确。

　　7．The underlined phrase “drawing on” in Paragraph 1 probably means ________.

　　A．making use of

　　B．making comments on

　　C．giving an explanation of D．giving a description of

　　答案：A。词义猜测题。此处指霍华德利用了当时很受欢迎的一些观点，创造出了设计的完美结合。make use of 利用；make comments on 对……做出评论；give an explanation of 给出……的解释；give a description of 给出……的描述。

　　8．According to Howard, garden cities should be built ________.

　　A．as far as possible from existing cities

　　B．in the countryside where the land was cheap

　　C．in the countryside where agriculture was developed

　　D．near cities where employment opportunities already existed

　　答案：B。细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“...to establish a garden city in the depressed countryside, far enough from existing cities to make sure that the land was bought at the bottom price”可知，花园城市是建在土地便宜的农村。

　　9．What can we learn about garden cities from the last paragraph?

　　A．Their number would continue to rise.

　　B．Each one would continue to become larger.

　　C．People would live and work in the same place.

　　D．Each one would contain a certain type of business.

　　答案：A。推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段可知，建好一个花园城市后在不远处再建一个，经过一段时间之后，将会有大量的花园城市群，故A项正确；花园城市有人数限制，故B项错误；建立许多花园城市，故人们不会都在一起生活和工作；每个花园城市都提供很大范围的工作和服务，故D项错误。

　　10．What could be the best title for the passage?

　　A．City and CountrysideB．The Invention of the Garden City

　　C．A New City in ChicagoD．A Famorus Garden City in England

　　答案：B。主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，本文讲的是花园城市的发明过程，故选B项。

　　A

　　(2011·漳州质检，A)

　　Doctors at a Boston hospital last week performed the first full face transplant in the US, attaching a donor face to a 25­year­old man whose face was severely burned when his head touched a high­voltage(高压的) line three years ago.

　　A team of more than 30 surgeons and nurses worked for about 15 hours to transplant the forehead, nose, lips, facial skin, underlying muscles and the nerves that power them and provide sensation(知觉) from a donor to Wiens, whose head came in contact with a high­voltage line on Nov. 13, 2008.

　　Bohdan Pomahac, the surgeon, said the team was not able to bring back Wiens's eyesight. But Wiens should be able to regain up to 90 percent of normal sensation on the right side of his forehead, right cheek, most of his upper lip and his entire lower lip. Nerve damage was too great for there to be more than tiny sensation in the left check and left forehead, Pomahac said.

　　Doctors say the goal of the operation was to improve Wiens's ability to breathe, eat and talk and restore his face's social expression.

　　When Wiens recovers, he will not look like he once did, nor will he look like the donor, but “probably somewhere in the middle，” Pomahac said. The match between the donor and the recipient (接受者) was made based on race, similar age and blood type, etc.

　　Pomahac said he was worried the operation would not be successful when he first saw Wiens. His injuries were covering so large that doctors weren't sure there were enough remaining nerves or structures to connect to a new face.

　　Pomahac said he was determined to try his best because of what a patient with similar injuries had told him some years ago. That patient had numerous surgeries(外科手术), with only modest results. When Pomahac asked why the patient sought repeated surgery, he told the doctor, “I just want a taxi to stop when I'm waiting for one.”

　　美国波士顿医院上周成功进行了第一例面部全换手术。

　　1. The first paragraph serves as a ________.

　　A. conclusion

　　B. comment

　　C. lead­in

　　D. background

　　答案：C。推理判断题。由全文可知，第一段是导入。

　　2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A. Wiens's nerve damage was too great in the left check.

　　B. The left side of Wiens's cheek should be able to regain.

　　C. The donor's head touched a high­voltage line 3 years ago.

　　D. Pomahac was sure that the surgery would succeed at first.

　　答案：A。细节理解题。由第三段最后一句话“Nerve damage was too great for there to be more than tiny sensation in the left check and left forehead...”可知，Wiens左侧神经伤害如此大以至于他面部左侧无法恢复，所以A项正确而B项错误；由第一段可知，Wiens而非捐献者在三年前头部碰到了高压线，所以C项错误；由第六段第一句话“Pomahac said he was worried the operation would not be successful when he first saw Wiens.”可知，Pomahac并不确信手术是否会成功，所以D项错误。

　　3．We can learn from the passage when Wiens recovers, he will look like ________.

　　A. what he used to be

　　B. the donor

　　C. Bohdan Pomahac

　　D. the donor in some way

　　答案：D。细节理解题。由第五段第一句话“When Wiens recovers, he will not look like he once did, nor will he look like the donor, but ‘probably somewhere in the middle，’”可知，手术后Wiens既不会像自己的过去，也不会像捐献者，而是两者的结合，所以他会长得有点像Wiens，也有点像捐献者。

　　4．We can infer from the last paragraph that Pomahac's former patient ________.

　　A. experienced many surgeries with good effect

　　B. suffered a lot because of his ugly­looking face

　　C. wanted a taxi to stop when he was waiting for one

　　D. had a strong determination to bring back his eyesight

　　答案：B。推理判断题。由最后一段“...with only modest results”可知，那位病人的手术不很成功；再由病人的话可推知，该病人拦出租车时，出租车司机都不敢停车，因为病人长得太丑了。C项本身正确，但是不选，因为该项不是推理出来的，而是文章直接提到的。