选修八 Module 4
Which English？
Different people say different English. It is a problem that may confuse you.
Well， they are part of British culture and life， past and present， famous and notorious 臭名远扬的. But my impression about UK started from within the cab I took out of Heathrow Airport. The driver was a Scotsman 苏格兰人， and the difference between a Scotsman and an English is enormous 极大的. In the 40minute drive， I listened politely to the driver without getting in. Not because I didn't
want，but because I couldn't. How could I know “Loch”湖 was Lake？ Remember that if you want to find the legendary monster in that famous lake in Southern Scotland， tell the local folks you want to go to “Lock Ness 海角” instead of Lake Neise. And if you hear two Scotsman say “Let's go to Kirkyard”， make no mistake about it. They are not going to trim 修整 the grass in the backyard. They are going to fulfill the holy service in the “Church”.
If you stay in Britain longer， Walse English， Irish English and even Berkshire or the neighboring town accents， will definitely 明确地 further confuse you.
1．教材原句：
...as_long_as speakers can understand each other—it's communication that counts.
真题呈现
(全国卷)—Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?
—I don't mind where we go________there's sun, sea and beach.
A．as if B．as long as
C．now that
D．in order that
考题巧解 B 考查as long as引导的条件状语从句。as long as“只要”；as if“似乎，好像”；now that“既然”；in order that“为了”。
2．教材原句：
When you receive a phone call from a friend, how long does it take you...
真题呈现
(福建高考)Nancy enjoyed herself so much________she visited her friends in Sydney last year.
A．that
B．which
C．when
D．where
考题巧解 C 此题易误选A项，因为so...that为固定句型，但此处when引导时间状语从句。
(Ⅰ)单词速记
A．联想记忆法
1．instantly adv.立即，马上→________instant 一……就……
2．matter v．重要，要紧；有关系；n.事情→________a matter of fact 事实上
3．furthermore adv. 此外，而且→________addition 此外
4．select v．挑选，选择→select sb./sth.________sth.选择……做……
5．withdraw v．收回；撤销(说过的话)→withdraw sb./sth. ________sth.收回或撤走某人/物
6．potential adj.潜在的；可能的；n.潜力→________one's potential 认识……的潜力
7．superior adj.更好的；更强的；n.上级，上司→be superior ________比……好
8．debate n．& v. 讨论；辩论；争论→________debate无可争辩
答案：1.the 2.as 3.in 4.as 5.from 6.realize 7.to 8.beyond
B．构词记忆法
1．acquire v．得到，获得→________n．获得；得到
2．oppose v．反对→________ adj.反对的；对立的；相反的
3．count v．很重要；很有价值；数数→________adj.无数的，数不尽的
4．convinced adj.确信的，信服的→________adj.令人信服的→________vt.使确信；说服
5．significance n．意义；含义→________adj.重大的，重要的
6．approval n．赞许；赞成→________vi.赞成，同意
答案：1.acquisition 2.opposed 3.countless 4.convincing；convince 5.significant 6.approve
(Ⅱ)短语突破
1．tell...________区分开
tell the difference ________ A ________B 说出A和B的不同
2．lie ________在于
lie ________sb. 向某人撒谎
3．get down to ________ sth. 开始认真做某事
object ________反对
4．let sb. ________让某人失望
let ________更不用说
5．________ rather 更确切地说
________rather 宁愿；更喜欢
6．be relevant ________ 和……有联系
have nothing to do ________和……没关系
7．________ opposed to 相比之下
be ________ to 反对，截然不同
8．complain ________抱怨
complain ________诉说(病情或痛苦)
答案：1.apart；between；and 2.in；to 3.sth./doing；to 4.down；alone 5.or；would 6.to；with 7.as；opposed 8.about；of
(Ⅲ)句型总结
经典句型
1．When you receive a phone call from a friend，______________________(你需要用多长时间)to know who it is?
2．Perhaps correctness doesn't matter－______________________(只要说话人能相互明白)．..
3．...it's __________________________(重要的是交流)．
4．But in other countries where English is spoken as a first language ____________________(情况并非如此)．
5．________________________(随着中国在经济上的发展)，opportunities for doing business increase dramatically...
6．__________________(设立于1990年)，the HSK test was initially meant for those learners who regard Chinese as a second or foreign language.
答案：1.how long does it take you 2.as long as speakers can understand each other 3.communication that counts 4.this is not the case 5.As China develops economically 6.Established in 1990.
典句仿写
not all 部分否定
仿写：不是所有的人都赞成这个计划。
_________________________________________________
答案：Not all the people support the plan.
(Ⅳ)教材设问
1．The quality of someone's voice and their choice of words make a person instantly recognisable, ________ you can't see him or her.
A．even though
B．as though
C．as if
D．even so
2．You could say that there are as many varieties of English, or any other language for that matter, ________ there are speakers of it.
A．and
B．so
C．as
D．for
3．It is also quite easy to ________ British and American English apart.
A．speak
B．say
C．tell
D．talk
4．Almost everyone in Singapore
is bilingual, ________ some people speak three or four languages.
A．when
B．as
C．while
D．but
1．debate n. & vi. 争论，讨论，辩论
搭配
1)debate on/about...就……辩论
debate with sb. about sth. 和某人就某事辩论
2)have a debate with sb. about sth. 与某人就某事争论
beyond debate 无可争辩
under debate 正在辩论中
①Her books have been the subject of much debate.
她的书已成为很多争论的主题。
②The two sides debated whether to raise the price of school meals.
双方就是否应提高学校用餐价格而进行了辩论。
③I debated_with Mary about this question.
我和玛丽辩论过这个问题。
辨析：debate, argue, discuss
1)debate通过辩论说服对方。
2)argue指通过争论，条理清晰地陈述赞成或反对的理由。
3)discuss指和某人进行的一般的讨论、商议。
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翻译句子
我们就这个问题辩论到了深夜。
________________________________________________________________________.
答案：We debated about the question deep into the night.
2．clarify vt. 澄清；讲清楚；阐明
知识拓展
clarify matters 澄清真相
clarify one's stand 阐明某人的立场
clarification n. 澄清
clarity n. 清澈；透明
①His explanation clarified the mystery.
他的解释把这个谜团澄清了。
He clarified his stand on this issue.
他阐明了在这个问题上的立场。
An example will help to clarify what I mean.
举一个例子可以帮助我说清楚我的意思。
I am seeking clarification of the regulations.
我正在努力弄清楚这些规则。
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He made an attempt to________the misunderstanding about the origin of the language.
A．clarifyB．check
C．claim
D．clap
答案：A clarify the misunderstanding意为“消除误解”。
3．significance n. 意义；意味深长；含义；重要性；显著性
知识拓展
of no/little significance 无关紧要的
historical significance 历史意义
of significance＝significant 有意义的；重要的
significant adj. 有意义的
signify vt. 表示；表明；意味着
①They do have some religious significance.
他们确实有某种宗教上的意义。
She was greatly touched by the significance of what he had said.
他讲的话意味深长，这使她深受感动。
I don't think it is of any significance.
我认为这件事没有什么意义。
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The teacher explained the________of the theme expressed in the poem.
A．reference B．significance C．means D．signal
4．convinced adj. 确信的，信服的
知识拓展
1)be convinced of.../that从句 相信……
2)convince vt. 使确信，使信服
convince使某人相信……
convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人干某事
3)convincing adj.
有说服力的
Molly agreed, but she did not sound very convinced.
莫莉同意了，但她听起来并不是很信服。
I am_convinced_of his innocence.＝I am_convinced that he was innocent.
我相信他是无辜的。
He convinced_us_of his honesty.
他使我们相信了他的诚实。
④I've been trying to convince_Joan_to_come with us.
我一直在设法说服琼跟我们一起来。
提示：convince侧重通过摆事实及列证据使人信服。
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单句改错
I'm convinced about his guilt.
_________________________________________________
②There's no convinced evidence that smoking causes lung cancer.
_________________________________________________
答案：about改为of convinced改为convincing
5．oppose v．反抗，反对
搭配
oppose (doing) sth. 反对(干)某事
be opposed to (doing) sth.
反对(干)某事
①He opposed_adopting the new bill at the meeting.
在会议上他反对采纳新议案。
②China is_opposed_to any form of invasion.
中国反对任何形式的侵略。
提示：be opposed to中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词，其同义词组是be against和object to。
oppose，object
oppose 是及物动词。表示采取积极行动来反对，反对的对象一般是较重大的事情。
object 是不及物动词，常和介词to搭配。指个人不赞成某事或持有相反的意见。
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完成句子
①She ________ to being scolded in public.
②Many people ________ changing the law.
6．approval n. 批准；认可；赞成；同意
知识拓展
1)general approval 一致同意
with approval of 经……的批准
2)approve v.
approve of sth. 赞成某事
approver n. 批准者
approvingly adv. 赞成地
①He showed his approval by smiling.
他微笑表示同意。
We went to the party with our parents' approval.
我们征得父母同意后去参加了聚会。
The resolution was approved 68 to 10 with 28 abstentions.
决议以六十八票对十票通过，二十八票弃权。
④The minister approved the building plan.
部长批准了这项建筑计划。
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Though what I have done was not ________ by my parents, I don't regret choosing to teach in the rural area.
A．approved
B．agreed
C．approved of
D．agree with
答案：C be approved of为approve of的被动语态。
7．tell apart 区分开
知识拓展
fall apart 土崩瓦解
far apart 离得很远
joking apart 别说笑话；说正经地
lay/put/set sth. apart for...把某物留给……
take apart 拆开
apart from 除……之外
tell A from B 把A与B区分开
tell it like it is 实事求是地说
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The two brothers look so much alike that it is difficult to________.
A．tell them from
B．tell from them
C．tell them apart
D．tell apart them
答案：C tell sb. apart 意为“把……区分开”。
8．let down 放下；使失望，辜负
知识拓展
let alone 更不用说
let go 放开；松手
let in 让……进来；放……进来
let off 放(炮)；投放(炸弹)；排放出(气体、液体)
let out 泄露；发出(尖叫等)；放大(衣服)
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You will be there tomorrow. You won't let me________，________you?
A．out; will
B．down; won't
C．out; won't
D．down; will
答案：D let sb. down意为“让某人失望”。
9．Not_all idioms have been common for many years.
并不是所有的习语很多年都常见。
not all...是部分否定，意为“并不是所有的……”。not的位置较为灵活，可置于句首，也可置于句中。
含有全体概念的代词、形容词或副词，如all，both，every以及every的复合代词或副词entirely，always，whole，completely，altogether等与not搭配使用时，表示部分否定，意为“并非都是，不是每个都”。
I don't like both of the films.
这两部电影我并不都喜欢。
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一句多译
不是所有在场的人都赞成你。
________ the people present ________ agree with you.
＝________ ________ the people present agreed with you.
单元语法精讲精练
状语
修饰动词或限定形容词、副词或全句的句子成分称为状语。状语通常由副词、分词(短语)、不定式(短语)、形容词、名词词组、独立结构、介词短语以及从句等来充当。此外，表示时间、距离、长度、高度等的名词也可作状语。
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________you have come, you may as well stay.
A．Because
B．When
C．While
D．Now that
答案：D now that引导条件状语从句，句意为：“既然你已经来了，就住下吧。”