1. 主动语态与被动语态皆指动词的形式而言，当主语为动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者时，动词便用被动语态。 Tom helped Steven .（主动语态） Steven was helped by Tom. （被动语态） 2. 被动语态的动词形式为"be +过去分词"（课件），过去分词永远不变，时态通过be 表现出来。下面是常见的几种时态的被动语态的肯定形式： 一般现在时 一般过去时 am was is +过去分词 was +过去分词 are were 一般将来时 现在进行时 will be +过去分词 are +过去分词 shall be + is being 现在完成时 am has been have +过去分词 3. 含有情态动词的被动语态的形式是：情态动词(must,may,can,should等)+be +过去分词. More trees must be planted .更多的树必须被种植。 4. 被动语态的用法 1) 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁(这时都不带由by引导的短语): The classroom is cleaned twice a day.教室一天打扫两次。 2) 强调动作的承受者(可带有by 引导的短语): The classroom was cleaned by Team One.教室已被一组打扫干净了。 5.注意事项 1) 在汉语中地点为主语的句子是主动关系,但在英语中常用被动语态,地点在句子中作状语.如: Tea is grown in Southeast China .中国东南方种茶。 A school will be built here.这里要建一所学校。 2) 只有及物动词才有被动语态,但某些不及物动词和介词或副词构成的动词短语也可用于被动语态,不过介词和副词不能省略.如: Those children must be looked after well .必须很好的照看那些孩子们。 例题 1.词语释义 Tom was here just now. He may have gone to the reading room.
A. at the moment B. just then C. a short time ago D. right away(2002) (C) 2. 根据句意填空 Lily gets up early every day because she lives______(最远) from school. (2001) (furthest∕farthest) III .单项选择 1.Cotton _____ nice and soft. A. is felt B. is feeling C. feel D. feels (2003) (D) 2. This book _______Lucy's. Look! Her name is the on book cover. A. must be B. may be C. can't be D. mustn't be(2001) (A) 3.You may go fishing if your work_______. A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done(2003) (A) 4.---Excuse me, _______to the nearest bookshop, please? ---Go straight and take the second turning the on left. A. where the way is B. Which the way is C. Where is the way D. which is the way (2003) (D) 5. That's a nice watch! Is it _______in China? A. make B. making C. made D. makes (2001) (C) 6. The children are often asked _______loudly in the library. They must keep quiet. A. to speak B. not to speak C. don't speak D. not speak(2001) (B) 7. Look! How heavy the rain is !You'd better ______. A. don't go now B. stay here when it stops C. not leave until it stops D. not to leave at once (2003) (C)