(一)叠词的种类及基本译法
叠词是汉语里使用非常普遍的词汇现象,一般指词和词的重叠使用,多见于三字和四字形式。其主要形式有:1,AA(天天),2,ABB(红彤彤),3,AABB(日日夜夜)等~是翻译的重点和难点,下面小编从汉译英,英译汉以及英语中的叠词三个方面介绍叠词的翻译技巧。
一,汉译英中叠词的译法
1.用every或 every- , all, each等词语,例如:
①这些古镇个个都美得令人难以忘怀。
Each one of these ancient towns is hauntingly beautiful.
②件件衣服都很漂亮。
All of these suits of clothes are beautiful.
③绿化祖国,人人有责。
It' s everybody's duty to make our motherland green。
2,同一个词连续反复使用,表达出重复或强调或连续的含义
(1,)用介词(after, by, in, to, upon, with等)连接起来使用,
lDay by day I am getting better and better.
我在一天天地好转。
(2,)用and连接
l他们走啊走,走到了森林的深处.
They walked and walked even deeper into the wood.
也可以重复介词,如:
l他们走啊,走啊,一直走到河边.
They went on and on till they came to a river.
(3,)以连宇符连接
l后窗的玻璃上丁丁地响,还有许多小飞虫乱撞。
A pit-a-pat sounds from the glass of the back window,where insects are dashing themselves against the pane.
(4,)以逗号(,)隔开重叠的词
l它需要许许多多次点击才能赚到美元.
It takes many, many clicks to earn $ dollars.
l我们是联盟国已经有许多许多年了.
We have been alliance ( allies ) for many, many years.
3,形容数量的多少时,可用复数形式。例如:
①我们三三两两从农舍散去。
We fanned out from the farmhouse in twos and threes.
② 动物园的池塘里, 鸳鸯正在成双成对地戏水
In the zoo pond, the mandarin ducks are swimming in pairs.
③一群一群的人蜂拥而进大少。
Crowds of people swarmed into the hall.
④大批大批的物资被立即送往地震灾区。
Thousands of goods and materials are immediately sent
to the earthquake-stricken area.
4,舍去形式上的对等,根据叠词的本质含义来翻译,如:“斑斑驳驳”译为“斑驳”即mottled,这一点翻译时比较常见
①那个老蠢货。我倒要问一问,她以为她是谁呀?
That silly old bat. I ask you, who'd she think she was? (此处的“问一问”其实就是“问”译为ask即可,注意同下面第五种情况区分开)
或者选择意思相近的词语,如
②火车徐徐向山上驶去.
Freight trains travel slowly on upgrades into the hills.
(“徐徐”即“慢慢”译为slowly)
5. 若所表达的动作多为一次或尝试,则可以用have( make, take , give 等)+名词的结构翻译汉语动词重叠形式,例如:
①你来闻一闻这酒, 是好的吗 ?
Have a smell of this wine; is it all right?
②. 他去掉害怕心理,决定试一试.
He cast off fear and decided to make a try.
③这个叫雪花梨, 你尝尝.
This is called a snowflake pear, have a taste.
6,使用一些副词来加强语气和语势,如:孟娇的《游子吟》(Amy Lowell译)
慈母手中线,游子身上衣。
临行密密缝,意恐迟迟归
Thread from the hands of a doting mother,
Worked into the clothes of afar-off journeying son.
Before his departure, were the close, fine stitches set,
Lest haply his return be long delayed.
7,此外,文学翻译中还常见使用头韵,押韵的手法来表示拟声词,多见于诗歌中,这种手法文学性较强,大家做简单了解即可,如:
青青河畔草,郁郁园中柳。(古诗十九首)
Green grows the grass upon the bank, The willow-shoots are long and lank. (Herbert A. Giles译)
二,英译汉时的叠词
英译汉时,在一定的语言环境中使用好叠词,可以使句子生动,增强感情色彩。常见的基础版的叠词有以下三种:
1 .译为AA
①The Hunter lights up your window every night.
猎人星夜夜照着你的窗户.(以“夜夜”这种AA的形式,加重副词或形容的状态,延长译文的语气,使之更有韵味)
②She wore a thick tartan skirt and a red cashmere sweater.
她穿了一条厚厚的格子呢裙和一件红色羊绒衫。(若是译为“很厚”,译文的感染力则会大大下降)
2 .译为 AABB
①The boys'troubles vanished away, and they went gaily to their posts.
孩子们心中的忧虑云消雾散了, 全都高高兴兴的走到自己的岗位.
②All I'm hoping for is that wherever Trevor is he will come home safe and sound.
我只希望不管特雷弗在哪里,他都能平平安安回家(使用AABB式,音韵和谐,琅琅上口)
3. 译为ABB
①We walked leisurely into the hotel.
我们慢悠悠地走回酒店。
②They pried open a sticky can of blue paint.
他们撬开了一个黏糊糊的蓝色油漆桶。(“ABB"通常表示人或事物的状态,叠词的使用使得这种形象或状态更加生动鲜明)
三,英语中的叠词
不仅汉语中有叠词出现,英语中作者为了强调,加深读者印象,追求音韵美和形式美,也常常采用叠词,例如:
①black and blue译为“青一块紫一块”(首字母相似或头韵效果的词)
②on and off“时断时续”(由意义完全相反的两个词构成)
③safe and sound“安然无恙”(意义相近的两个词组成)
④out and out“彻头彻尾”(由完全相同的两个词构成)
使用这些词可以增加译文或文章的可读性,使文章更加地道有文采,要做到这点,就要我们在日常生活中不断积累。
总之,叠词是翻译中的一个大块,作为译者,掌握运用好这一方法,对于提高翻译水平无疑是大有裨益的。
上一篇: Doubt vs. suspect