英语中,介词可分为时间、地点、运动等种类,其中,表示时间的介词,我们称之为时间介词。该类介词主要有at, on, in, for, during, through, from, since, before, by, till, until, after, within。具体而言:
1. at表示“某一时间点”:I have breakfast at 7:00 every day. 我每天7点吃早饭。
2. on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”:
We have a meeting on Monday. 我们周一开会。
We will arrive in Beijing on the morning of next Monday.下周一上午,我们将抵达北京。
3. in表示“在某世纪、年、季度、月、周”以及泛指的上午、下午、晚上:
in the 20th century 在20世纪 in 1998 在1998年
in winter 在冬季 in September 在九月
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上
4. for表示某事持续多久,后接“一段时间”(多与完成时连用):
She has been here for several years. 她来这儿有几年了。
5. during表示“在……期间”:He went to Hawaii during the summer. 这个夏天他去了夏威夷。
6. through表示“一直……,自始至终”:
They studied hard through this summer vacation. 整个暑假他们都在努力学习。
7. from表示“时间的起点”,可译作“从…”,常用于“from…to/till…”中:
The museum is open from Monday to Friday. 博物馆周一至周五开放。
8. since表示“自从……以来(直到现在)”:
He has been away from home since 1998. 他自1998年就离开了家乡。
注意:
(1)for和since都常与完成时连用,但for接时间段,since接时间点:
for two days(持续)两天;since last week从上周直到现在。
(2)如果在since引导的状语从句中,谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词过去时,那么从句表示的时间是“从那持续动作或状态结束时算起”:
I haven’t seen my mother since I slept.(Sleep 为持续性动词,sleep的动作结束时,即“醒来”时,即“自我醒后,就没见到妈妈。”)
9. before指“在……之前”,与after相对:Please come to school before 8 o’clock. 请8点前到校。
10. by指“不迟于,到……时为止,在……以前”:
We will have learned more than 3000 words by the end of this year. 到今年底为止,我们将学习3000多个单词。
11.till (until) “直到……为止”:在肯定句中,till/until必须与延续动词连用;在否定句中,till/until常与非延续性动词连用。
肯:You must wait for him till he comes. 你必须一直等到他来。
否:I didn’t go to bed until 9 o’clock. 直到12点我才睡觉。
12. after表示“在……之后”:
We will have an important meeting after 12:00. 十二点钟后,我们将召开一个重要会议。
13. within“在……时间之内”:
Everybody must finish the task within 10 minutes. 所有人十分钟内必须完成任务。
最后,小编借用网友分享的《时间介词速记歌》,与大家一起区分时间介词的用法:
年月周前要用in,日子前面却不行。
遇到几号要用on,上午下午又是in。
要说某日上下午,用on换in才能行。
at用在时间点,星期前面才是on。
勤学苦练要牢记,莫让岁月空蹉跎。
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