我们都知道,英语冠词是虚词,一般用于名词前,不能单独使用。冠词有三种:定冠词the、不定冠词a/an以及零冠词(即不用冠词)。一般而言,不定冠词表示泛指,定冠词表示特指。因此冠词虽不具有实际意义,但在句子中却有举足轻重的作用。“芝麻”般的小冠词,有“西瓜”般的大作用。所以,今天我们一起来学习不定冠词的用法吧!
不定冠词,顾名思义,就是“不限定”名词的词,与表示特指的定冠词相对,有中文“一个”的意思。
整体说来,an用于元音音素前,a用于辅音音素前。这里小编要稍稍提醒一下大家,元音音素≠元音字母,如 a university 一所大学([ju:])和 an hour 一个小时([au])。
那么具体而言,不定冠词要用在何时何地呢?
1.泛指,即当对方不知道所说的人或物是哪一个时,或用在第一次提及的人或物前,如
Please give me an apple. 请给我一个苹果。(没有特指是哪个)
I want to buy a bike. 我想买一辆自行车。(没有明确是哪一辆)
2. 类指,即表示人或物的类别,如
I am a student. 我是一名学生。
A knife is a tool. 刀子是一种工具。
Is that a Mozart? 那是莫扎特的音乐吗?
3. 带修饰成分的不可数名词前,如 He has a good knowledge of English. 他精通英语。
4. 单位前,如时间、价格等,如 He plays basketball twice a week. 他一周打两次篮球。
5. 序数词前,表示次数或个数增加,如 Do you want to see the film a second time? 这部电影你想再看一遍吗?
6. 形容词最高级前,表示“非常”,如 This is a most difficult problem. 这是一个非常棘手的问题。
7. 物质名词前,表示一瓶/杯/罐,如 a coffee 一杯咖啡
8. 姓名前,表示“有个”,如 There is a Mr. Smith to see you. 有位史密斯先生要见你。
9. 数字前,如 The book costs me a hundred yuan. 这本书花了我100元。
当然,除了以上用法,不定冠词还会用在很多固定搭配中,如 as a result,have a good time 等等,需要我们平时加以积累和记忆。
上一篇: 高中英语语法详解:一般过去时的基本概念
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