在下列情况下却只用which而不用that:
-- 当先行词表示事物意义,并且在从句中作介词的宾语,那么就只能用which 。当然,如果在口语或非正式文体中,介词没有提前,也就没有这点要求了。
例如:The world in which we live is made of matter .我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。
Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow . 洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。
The world that we live in is made of matter.我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。
(正确。因为关系代词虽然在从句中作介词的宾语,但是介词没有提前,所以没有这点要求。)
The world in that we live is made of matter.(错误。因为关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语,而且介词已经提前,所以必须遵从这点要求。)
-- 在非限定性定语从句(关于这一点随后就要讲解)中,当关系词表示事物意义时, 只能用which 。这是语法所规定的,没有任何解释。
例如:The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .太阳给予大地热,这就使植物的生长成为可能。
The most important form of energy is electrical energy , which is widely used in our daily life .
最重要的能源形式是电能,它广泛地运用于我们的日常生活之中。
-- as可以作为关系代词引导限定性定语从句、非限定性定语从句。
例如:限定性定语从句 (常用于such … as和the same … as 等句式中)
Such points as you've mentioned are really important in solving the problem .你提到的这些方面在解决这个问题上的确很重要。
People such as you describe are rarely seen nowadays .你描述的这种人现在很少见了。
This computer has the same functions as that one has .这台计算机有着和那台计算机一样的功能。
非限定性定语从句 (as可以作为关系代词引导非限定性定语从句时,as是指全句:也就是说,将整个主句看成一件事或是一个事实;并对其进行补充、说明。这种非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后。)
As I know , she hasn't got married . 如我所知,她还未结婚。
They won the first place in the game, as could be expected.可以预料,他们在比赛中得了第一。
Professor Li is extremely popular among students , as is known to all of us . 如我们大家所知,李教授极受学生们的欢迎。
下一篇: 高中英语语法详解:定语从句之关系副词
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