定语从句讲解构成
1.了解定语从句的构成,首先应了解一些相关的基本概念。
a.被修饰的名词等成分通常叫做先行词;b.连接先行词和定语从句的词为关系词。
2.定语从句由关系代词、关系副词和关系限定词三类关系词连接而成,这三种也将在定语从句讲解中一一说明。
定语从句讲解关系词的具体用法
1.关系代词 which,who,whom,that 和 as
2.关系代词,顾名思义,必有代替对象。上述五个关系代词各有其具体指代对象,在从句中作相应的成分。此外,它们引导的定语从句和先行词是形容词与名词的修饰关系。
例句1:
Pumas are large,cat-like animals( that/which are found in America.)
【译文】美洲狮是体形似猫的大型动物,产于美洲。
【注解】关系代词作从句主语,不可省略。
例句2:
The house (that/which we built last year) is very attractive.
【译文】我们去年建造的房子很讨人喜欢。
【注解】关系代词作从句宾语,可省略。
例句3:
The novel (with/which most of you are familiar) has been adapted for the screen.
【译文】你们大多数都很熟悉的那部小说已被改编搬上了荧屏。
【注解】关系代词直接置于介词后作介词宾语,此时不可被that替换,也不可省略。
例句4:
He was no longer the reckless young man( that/which he was two years ago).
【译文】他不再是两年前那个莽撞的小伙子了。
【注解】关系代词作从句表语,可省略;此外,先行词the young man代表一种状态,属物的范畴,不能用who来引导定语从句。
例句5:
Migrant workers(to whom much more attention has been paid) strongly desire that their wages should be duly paid.
【译文】现在民工受到了社会更大的关注,他们强烈渴望自己的工资能够及时发放。
【注解】关系代词直接置于介词后作介词宾语,此时不可被who替换,也不可省略。
例句6:
Such accommodations(as they could find) were generally expensive.
【译文】他们能够找到的这些住所费用往往比较昂贵。
【注解】之所以选择关系代词as引导定语从句,是因为前面有such之故。
例句7:
Such inns(as there were in the mountains) were generally poor.
【译文】这些山区里的酒馆条件往往比较糟糕。
【注解】之所以选择关系代词as引导定语从句,是因为前面有such之故。
例句8:
This is the same mosquito(as bit you just now).
【译文】这只蚊子和刚才咬你的那只是同一种蚊子。
【注解】之所以选择关系代词as引导定语从句,是因为前面有the same之故。
定语从句讲解小结:
(1)一般来讲,which和that用来替代指物的先行词,在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语 (that不能作介词后面的宾语);who替代指人的先行词,在定语从句中作主语或宾语(但不能 作介词后面的宾语);whom是who的宾格形式,替代指人的先行词,在定语从句中只能作宾 语;as作为关系代词,只能用于一些特殊搭配(such... as/the same... as)。
(2)that既可指物也可指人,但在当代英语中,多指物。
(3)当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语或表语时,经常可省略,但当which,whom 紧跟在介词后则不可省略。
例如:
Is that the man(with whom you are going to set up a law firm)?
Is that the man(who/whom)(you are going to set up a law firm with)?
(4)只能用that的情形
a.当先行词为 all,much,anything, something, nothing,everything, little,none 等不定代 词,或先行词被all,any,every等不定代词修饰时,只能用that替代指物的先行词。
例如:
①That'a all(that I ask for).
【译文】这就是我要的一切。
②Is there anything(that I can do for you) ?
【译文】我可以为您效劳吗?
③Every tearo(that intends to participate in the contest) is to submit a fee of 2000.
【译文】每一个意欲参加比赛的队伍都应该缴纳两千元的费用。
b.先行词被形容词最髙级修饰,或被the only,the first,the last,the next,the very等修饰时,只能用that替代指物的先行词。
例如:
①He eats the finest food(that is available).
【译文】他吃的是所提供的最精美的食物。
②The first case of bird flu( that was reported in Thailand) captured the attention of officials with WHO.
【译文】泰闰报道的第一例禽流感引起了世界卫生组织官员们的注意。
③This is the very book(that I have been hunting for a long time).
【译文】这就是我长期以来一直寻找的那本书。
c.先行词既包括人,又包括物时。
例如:
①He is always talking brilliantly of the book and author(that interested him)
【译文】他对那本书及其作者很感兴趣,总是兴高采烈地谈论着他们。
② We were deeply impressed by the school and its teachers (that we had visited there).
【译文】我们访问的学校和老师给我们留下了深刻的印象。
(5)只能用which的情形
a.用于介词之后(可参见A例句3)。
b.用于非限制定语从句中。
I’m going to study computer science课时提升检测2
Where is your pen pal from同步测试5
2017届高考英语第一轮题型提能练习题4
Getting along with others教案5
Where is your pen pal from同步测试6
2017届高考英语第一轮题型提能练习题3
I think that mooncakes are delicious课件1
I’m more outgoing than my sister课时提升检测1
Where is your pen pal from同步测试8
Life on Mars课件11