Ⅰ.都有“是否”之意。在某种情况下右互换。如:
① I don’t know if / whether he’ll come tomorrow. 我不知道明天他是否来。
Ⅱ. 但在下列6种情况下if 不能替换whether:
1. 正式文体中,句中有or not时。如:
I wonder whether it is big enough or not. 我不知道它是否够大。
2.引导主语、表语、同位语从句时。如:
Whether it is true(or not) is still a question. 它是不是真的还是一个问题。
3. 作介词宾语时,如:
I haven’t decided the quwstion of whether I’ll go back home. 我还未决定是否要回家去。
4. 放在不定式前,与不定式组成词组。如:
Li Lei hasn’t decided whether to go or not. 李雷还未决定去还是不去。
5. 作discuss等词的宾语时,如:
They discuss whether they should close the shop. 他们讲座是否该关闭那家商店。
6. 引导的从句放在句首时。如:
Whether this is true or not, I cannot say.这件事是否真实我说不上。
Ⅲ. if 还有连词的功能,意为“如果”引导条件状语从句;而whether另有“不管,无论”之意,引导让步状语从句。如:
① I will be happy if you call me. 如果你打电话给我,我将很高兴。
② Whether you like it or not, you’ll have to do it. 不管你喜欢不喜欢,你必须做这件事。
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