2013年GMAT考试阅读模拟试题及答案汇总
Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities—as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.
Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980’s is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade. Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small company’s efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.
A second risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionments through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns. Of course, in many instances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, White and minority enterprises can team up (team up: v.(使)结成一队, 合作, 协作) to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. But civil rights groups and minority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being set up as “fronts (a person, group, or thing used to mask the identity or true character or activity of the actual controlling agent)” with White backing, rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.
Third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often runs the danger of becoming—and remaining—dependent. Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases: when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.
冀教版五年级上Unit 3《lesson 22 Leaving and Arriving》flash课件
冀教版五年级上Unit 2《lesson 15 are you ready for a quiz》flash课件
冀教版五年级上Unit 3《lesson 21 How Can We Go To Beijing》flash课件之二
冀教版五年级上Unit 1《Lesson 2 Aunts, Uncles》flash课件包(2课时)
冀教版五年级上Unit 2《lesson 16 again, please》ppt课件
冀教版五年级上Unit 4《lesson 29 Buying Train Tickets》flash课件
冀教版五年级上Unit 4《lesson 28 Where is it》flash课件
冀教版五年级上Unit 2《lesson 13 The U.K.》ppt课件之一
冀教版五年级上Unit 3《lesson 20 How Far is Beijing》ppt课件包(含教案及说课稿)
冀教版五年级上Unit 3《lesson 23 are you ready for a quiz》flash课件
冀教版五年级上Unit 4《lesson 27 Li Ming Packs His Suitcase》ppt课件
冀教版五年级上Unit 1《Lesson 3 What Do They Look Like》ppt课件之一
冀教版五年级上Unit 1《Lesson 1 Fathers Mothers Brothers and Sisters》flash课件包(8个文件)
冀教版五年级上Unit 1《lesson 8 Again, please》flash课件
冀教版五年级上Unit 1《lesson 6 Having Fun Together》flash课件
冀教版五年级上Unit 1《lesson 8 Again, please》flash课件之一
冀教版五年级上Unit 2《lesson 14 Australia》flash课件包(2课时)之一
冀教版五年级上Unit 4《lesson 27 Li Ming Packs His Suitcase》ppt课件之一
冀教版五年级上Unit 1《lesson 6 Having Fun Together》flash课件包(2课时)
冀教版五年级上Unit 1《lesson 7 are you ready for a quiz》flash课件之二
冀教版五年级上Unit 3《lesson 18 May I Go to Beijing》flash课件之一
冀教版五年级上Unit 1《lesson 5 What do they like to do》flash课件
冀教版五年级上Unit 1《Lesson 3 What Do They Look Like》flash课件
冀教版五年级上Unit 3《lesson 22 Leaving and Arriving》flash课件之一
冀教版五年级上Unit 1《Lesson 3 What Do They Look Like》ppt课件
冀教版五年级上Unit 1《lesson 4 Do They Work》ppt课件之一
冀教版五年级上Unit 3《lesson 19 May I Invite Danny and Jenny》flash课件
冀教版五年级上Unit 3《lesson 22 Leaving and Arriving》flash课件之二
冀教版五年级上Unit 1《lesson 7 are you ready for a quiz》flash课件
冀教版五年级上Unit 2《lesson 14 Australia》flash课件