Vsauce!Kevin here.Kids in the U.S.havent always had summers off.In rural areas,they went to school in summer and winter to help during planting and harvesting while urban kids went year round. 这里是Vsauce 我是Kevin.美国的孩子们并非向来有暑假，在乡村地区 孩子们在夏冬两季上学来协助干农活 而城里的孩子整年都上学。 In the mid 1800s schools shifted to a standardized fall-spring schedule,Allowing for family vacations and to give relief from buildings with no air conditioning,and doctors at the time supported this,saying that summers off would also help protect kidsbrains from overuse.Meanwhile,kids are getting smarter. 在19世纪中期 学校开始旅行春秋学期制，让一家人得以共同旅行，并缓解无空调楼房的压力，并且当时的医生也很支持，称暑假可防止儿童用脑过度，与此同时 儿童也愈发聪明。 The Flynn Effect,shows that IQ scores improve markedly with each generation.Professor James Flynn found that if students a hundred years ago took todays IQ test,theyd average 70,While if students today took the test 100 years ago,theyd average 130.Explanations include better healthcare,nutrition and more schooling... “福林效应”显示 每一代人的智商都有显著提高，James Flynn 教授发现 若100年前的学生接受今日的IQ测试 他们平均只有70，而今天的学生参与100年前的测试 其均值高达130，其原因包括医疗饮食条件改善及更多教育…… And the fact that people before the scientific age were often adverse to classifying things they couldnt use.and didnt routinely engage in hypothetical or abstract thought,Neuropsychologist A.R.Luria tested this on a socially isolated farmer about a hundred years ago,and it went something like this. 科学时代之前的人们，常拒绝为自己无法使用的事物归类，并不常做出假设或抽象思维,约100年前神经学家A.R. Luria在一位极少社交的农民身上证实了此看法，他们的对话大概如此。 What do a chicken and a dog have in common? Nothing?A chicken has two legs,a dogs have four.Chicken have wings,dogs dont! 鸡和狗有什么共同点？没有，鸡有两条腿，狗有四条，鸡有翅膀，狗没有。 Okay youve explained how theyre different but how are they alike?They are not? Is there one word though that you could use for both of them?Nope.What about animal?Would the word animalfit? Yes. 好 你解释了它们的不同点，不过它们的相同点呢？它们不一样，有没有二者都适用的词？没有。“动物”这个词呢？“动物”这个词合适吗？好的。 Online courses are commonplace now，but Sir Isaac Pitman actually established the first distance learning course in the 1840s.Pitman taught shorthand by mailing postcards to students and correcting the answers that they mailed back.In the 1920s,educational radio programs were considered textbooks in the air.And today there are over 2200 courses available online around the world.For free. 今日 在线课程已十分普遍, Sir Isaac Pitman在19世纪40年代开设了首个远程学习课程，Pitman通过邮寄明信片教学生速记并批改他们邮回的明信片，在20世纪20年代，教育广播节目被视作“空中的课本”,今天，全世界共有2200多个在线课程，并且免费。 While South Korea is using robot teachers to help children with learning disabilities,a kindergarten in Switzerland is bringing education back to its roots.Literally.They have a school outside in the forest where kids attend rain or snow.learning to build fires and shelters alongside their ABCs. 韩国发明机器人老师以帮助有学习障碍的儿童,瑞士一家幼儿园将教育带回到了根源，字面上的，他们在森林里开设学校 而学生们风雨无阻来上课，学习生火 搭房子以及知识。