吃饭时喝汤是中国人的饮食习惯,在英语里,不能说drink soup(喝汤),而习惯说“吃汤”(eat soup)。这主要有以下几个方面的原因:
1.因为西餐里的汤一般很稠,汤里有奶油、肉、蔬菜等很多种东西,没法喝,必须送到嘴里咀嚼。而中国的汤一般较稀,是清汤,可以直接喝。
2.西餐的餐具主要是盘子,汤一般盛在较深一些的盘子里,得用汤勺舀着吃,而不像中国人那样用汤碗直接喝。
3.在英语里,drink只用在“喝”饮品上,特指用杯子一类的东西把饮品倒进嘴里喝下去,不需要汤匙。比如:“喝水”(drink water),“喝茶”(drink tea),“喝咖啡”(drink coffee),“喝牛奶”(drink milk),“喝果汁”(drink juice),“喝酒”(drink wine)。而eat指食用很稠的、需要咀嚼的食品,西餐的汤就属于这一类。
4.如果你非要说drink soup(喝汤),英美人会以为你很粗鲁,会直接拿起汤盘,把汤倒进嘴里,就像喝水一样咕噜咕噜地把汤吞下去。
同样,汉语的“喝稀饭”不要译成drink porridge,应译成eat porridge(吃稀饭);“吃药”不能译成eat medicine,而应用习惯用语take medicine;小孩“吃奶”不能译成eat milk,应为suck the breast(吸乳)。“喝奶”可以译成drink milk。
其实,为了避免用词错误,可以用中性动词have,它可以修饰各种食品,如饮料、糖果、烟酒、药物等,可以与各种食物搭配,什么东西都可以用have。例如:
have medicine吃药
have soup喝汤
have tea喝茶
have a drink喝酒、喝水
have a cigarette抽烟、吸烟
have breakfast吃早饭
have a meal吃饭
have a candy吃糖
have an apple吃个苹果
have fish吃鱼
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