卫生职称英语真题2008年C级：阅读理解

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　　第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

　　第一篇

　　Losing Weight

　　Girls as young as 10 years old are dieting and in danger of developing unhealthy attitudes to weight, body image and food, a group of Toronto researchers reported Tuesday.

　　Their study of 2, 279 girls aged l0 to 14 showed that while the vast majority had healthy weights, nearly a third felt they were overweight(超重的)and were trying to lose pounds. Even et the tender(幼稚的)age of l0, nearly 32 percent of the girls felt too fat and 31 percent said they were trying to diet.

　　McVey, a researcher at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, and her colleagues analyzed data collected in a number of surveys of southern Ontario schoolgirls between l993 and 2003, reporting their findings in Tuesdays issue of the Canadian Medical Association Journal.

　　Nearly 80 percent of the girls had a healthy body weight and only 7.2 percent were considered overweight using standard weight-to-height ratios. Most researchers suggest the rate of overweight children in this country is several times higher than that figure.

　　Nearly 30 percent of the girls reported they were currently trying to lose weight, though few admitted to dangerous behavior such as self-induced vomiting(自导的呕吐).

　　Still, a test that measured attitudes towards eating showed l0.5 percent of survey participants were already at risk of developing an eating disorder.

　　Were not talking about kids whove been prescribed(嘱咐)a diet because theyre above average weight or overweight. Were talking about children who are within a healthy weight range. And they have taken it upon themselves to diet to lose weight, McVey said, acknowledging she found the rates disturbin9. She said striking a balance between healthy weights and healthy attitudes towards food and body image is a complex task, with no easy solutions.

　　31　The study showed that most of the 2. 279 9irls

　　A　had unhealthy attitudes to weight.

　　B　were overweight.

　　C　were on a diet.

　　D　had healthy weights。

　　32　Which of the following statements is probably NOT true?

　　A　The surveys were conducted in a period of l o years.

　　B　The girls ranged in age from 10 to 14.

　　C　Only 7.2 percent of children in the country are overweight.

　　D　Over 30 percent of the girls considered themselves overweight.

　　33　What kind of institution did the lead researcher work for?

　　A　A medical association.

　　B　A primary school.

　　C　A hospital.

　　D　A charity.

　　34　Unhealthy attitudes to weight, body image and food may

　　A　arise from dangerous behavior.

　　B　lead to an eating disorder.

　　C　result in an increase in height.

　　D　keep the balance between height and weight.

　　35　Many of the normal-weight girls were trying to lose pounds

　　A　of their own free will.

　　B　out of sheer necessity.

　　C　through self-induced vomiting.

　　D　under the orders of their doctors.

　　第二篇

　　Stop Eating Too Much

　　Clean your plate! and Be a member of the clean-plate club! Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often, its accompanied by an appeal：Just think about those starving orphans(孤儿)in Africa! Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites. Instead of staying clean the plate, perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.

　　According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies (肚子). A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.

　　Barbara Rolls, a nutrition(营养)professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the l 970s, the same time that the American waistline(腰围)began to expand.

　　Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, Apparently, some customers are calling for this t00. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4. 000 people surveyed believed restaurants served portions that were too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey Indicates that many Americans who cant afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $ 150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than$25,000 want smaller.

　　Its not that working class Americans dont want to eat healthy. Its just that, after long hours at low-paying jobs, geeing less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck(薪金支票)to paycheck, happy to save a little money for next years Christmas presents.

　　36　Parents in the United States tend to ask their children

　　A　to save food for tomorrow.

　　B　to wash the dishes.

　　C　not to waste food.

　　D　not to eat too much.

　　37　Why do American restaurants serve large portions?

　　A　Because Americans associate quantity with value.

　　B　Because Americans have big bellies.

　　C　Because Americans are good eaters.

　　D　Because Americans are too weak.

　　38　What happened In the l 970s?

　　A　The US government called on its people to reduce their weight.

　　B　Health experts persuaded restaurants to serve smaller portions.

　　C The United States produced more grain than needed.

　　D The American waistline started to expand.

　　39　What does the survey indicate?

　　A　Many low-income Americans want large portions.

　　B　Twenty percent of Americans want smaller portions。

　　C　Fifty-seven percent of Americans want large portions.

　　D　Fortyfive percent of Americans want smaller portions.

　　40　Which of the following is NOT true of working class Americans.

　　A　They work long hours

　　B　They live from paycheck to paycheck.

　　C　They dont want to be healthy eaters。

　　D　They want to save money for presents。

　　第三篇

　　U. S. Life Expectancy Hits New High

　　Life expectancy rates in the United States are at an all-time high, with people born in 2005 projected to live for nearly 78 years, a new federal study finds.

　　The finding reflects a continuing trend of increasing life expectancy that began in l 955, when the average American lived to be 69.6 years old. By l 995, life expectancy was 75. 8 years, and by 2005, it had risen to 77. 9 years, according to the report released

　　Wednesday。

　　This is good news. said report co-author Donna Hoyert, a health scientist at the National Center for Health Statistics. Its even better news that it is a continuation of trends, so it is a long period of continuing improvement.

　　Despite the upward trend, the United States still has a lower Life expectancy than some 40 0ther countries, according to the U. S. Census(人口普查)Bureau. The country with the longest life expectancy is Andorra at 83.5 years, followed by Japan, Macau, San Marino and Singapore.

　　Much of the increase owes to declining death rates from the three leading causes of death in the country-heart disease, cancer and stroke.

　　In addition, in 2005, the U. S. death rate dropped to an all-time low of less than 800 deaths per l00, 000.

　　Dr. David Katz, director of the Prevention Research Center at Yale University School of Medicine, said, News that life expectancy is increasing is, of course, good. But the evidence we have suggests that there is more chronic disease than ever in the U. S.

　　Adding years to life is a good thing, Katz said. But adding vital life to years is at least equally important. If we care about living well, and not just longer, we still have our work cut out for us. he said.

　　41　Since l 955. Life expectancy rates in the U. S. have

　　A　moved up and down。 B　been declining.

　　C　remained steady. 　　　　D　been on the rise.

　　42　Compared with the country with the longest Life expectancy, the U. S. is

　　A　nearly 3 years behind. B　nearly 4 years behind.

　　C　nearly 6 years behind. 　　D nearly 8 years behind。

　　43　The increase in the U. S. Life expectancy is mostly due to

　　A　declining death rates from heart disease. cancer and stroke.

　　B　increasing life expectancy rates in some other countries.

　　C　a rise in the rate of chronic disease.

　　D　a declining birth rate.

　　44　Which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　A　The U. S. Life expectancy is at an all-time high.

　　B　The U. S. death rate was at an all. time low in 2005.

　　C　Chronic disease appears to be at an all. time high in the U. S.

　　D　The annual death rate in the U. S. is over 800 deaths per l00. 000.

　　45　The expression adding vital life to years in the last paragraph means

　　A　living longer.　　　　　　 B　living well。

　　C　living longer and well.　　　D　living at any cost.