导语：以下英语网为大家整理了全面的职称英语考试历年真题及答案解析，《职称英语考试试题汇总：历年真题及答案解析》供大家参考学习。更多职称英语考试试题敬请关注英语网！
第4部分：阅读理解 (第31-45题，每题3分，共45分)．
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题.请根据短文内容，为每题确定l个最佳选项.
Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering began when the DNA molecule(分子), the most basic unit of life, was first described in 1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick. An understanding of DNA led to the altering of normal cell reproduction. Experiments with altering human cells began in 1970. In one of the first experiments, patients were injected with a virus that would produce a life-saving enzyme, but their bodies would not accept it. In 1980 patients with a rare but fatal blood disease were injected with a purified gene that was cloned through DNA technology. Another failure.
Genetic engineering got a legal boost(激励) in 1980. The U.S. Supreme Court said that a patent could be granted on a genetically engineered oil-eating bacterium(细菌). This bacterium would help clean up oil spills. The ruling encouraged companies to invent new life forms, and three important medical products were quickly developed.
l Human interferon(干扰素)-- a possible solution to some cancers and viral disease. A newly engineered bacterium produced human interferon as a by-product. This new product reduced the cost of interferon.
l Human growth hormone-- for children whose bodies do not grow to normal height. An expensive growth hormone(荷尔蒙) was previously produced from human cadavers, but by changing the genetic make-up of the single-cell bacterium E. coli, and affordable growth hormone could be produced.
l Human insulin(胰岛素)-- for the treatment of diabetes. People with diabetes used to rely on a beef- or pork-based product until 1982. Now insulin can be manufactured by genetically altered bacteria.
Advances in genetic engineering have continued, though they constantly must be weighed against the safety of procedures. There is clearly much more to discover.
31. This passage is mainly about
A. the human growth hormone.
B. the effects of altering cells.
C. insulin resistance.
D. U.S. Supreme Court rulings.
32. Genetic engineering may be defined as
A. the altering of normal cell reproduction
B. a branch of applied chemistry.
C. a procedure that holds little promise.
D. a study on life-saving enzymes.
33. According to the passage, human interferon
A. is a hormone that causes disease.
B. could be used to treat cancer.
C. is a viral disease
D. has been cured
34. In this passage, the three genetically engineered medical products are presented
A. as a process.
B. from earliest to latest.
C. in a simple list.
D. as a story.
35. In the last paragraph, the word weighed has the closest meaning with
A. had great influence
B. became a burden.
C. measured accurately.
D. considered carefully.
第二章 New Attempts to Eradicate AIDS Virus
An attempts to Eradicate AIDS Virus high-profile attempt to eradicatethe AIDS virus in a few patients continues to show promise.
But researchers wont know for a year or more whether it will work. , scientist David Ho told journalists here Wednesday for the Fourth Conference in Viruses and infections.
This is a study thats in progress, says Ho, head of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York.
The study involves 20 people who started combinations of anti-HIV drugs very early in the course of the disease, within 90 days of their infections. Theyve been treated for up to 18 months. Four others have dropped out because of side effects or problems complying with the exacting drug system.
The drugs have knocked the AIDS virus down to undetectable levels in the blood of all remaining patients. And, in the latest development, scientists have now tested lymph nodes and semen from a few patients and found no virus reproducing there, Ho says. Bear in mind that undetectable does not equal absent，He says.
He has calculated that the drugs should be able to wipe out remaining virusesat least from known reservoirs throughout the bodyin two to three years. But the only way to prove eradication would be to stop the drugs and see if the virus comes back. On Wednesday, Ho said he wouldnt ask any patient to consider that step before 21/2 years of treatment.
And he emphasized that he is not urging widespread adoption of such early, aggressive treatment outside of trials. No one knows the long-term risks.
But other scientists are looking at similar experiments. A federally funded study will put 300 patients on triple-drug treatments and then see if some responding well after six months can continue to suppress the virus on just one or two drugs, says researcher Douglas Richman of the University of California, San Diego. Some patients in that study also may be offered the chance to stop therapy after 18 months or more, he says.
36. According to the passage, the attempt to eradicate the AIDS virus
A.hasnt been made seriously
B. continues to show promise
C. is appreciated by California University
D.will be successful in two and a half years
37.Which is NOT true about Hos study?
A. 20 patients were involved in the study
B. The patients have used several anti-HIV drugs
C. The patients have been treated for up to 18months
D. 16 patients withdrew from the experiment
38.By saying Bear in mind undetectable does not equal absent .Ho means
A. AIDS virus may exist in the blood without being detected
B. AIDS virus is undetectable in the blood.
C. No AIDS virus can be detected in the blood.
D. No virus found in the blood means no AIDS.
39. How do we prove that the drugs have wiped out the remaining viruses?
A. By using up all the drugs at once
B. By waiting for the virus to die slowly
C. By analyzing the treatment record thoroughly
D. By stopping the drugs and see if the virus comes back
40. Other scientists are looking at experiments that are similar in that they are
A. the size of the experiment
B. the cost of the experiment
C. the time the experiment takes
D. the ways the patients are treated
第三篇 Gross National Happiness
In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist(佛教)culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions.
King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product(GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his countrys progress by peoples happiness. If the peoples happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH).
GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.
Now there is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.
Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutans GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land.
Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.
41. Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?
A. A president.
B. A Buddhist priest.
C. A king.
D. A general.
42. Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?
A. To make its population grow.
B. To keep it separate from the world.
C. To encourage its people to get rich.
D. To keep its traditions and customs.
43. A country shows its progress with GNP by
A. spending more money.
B. spending less money.
C. selling more products.
D. providing more jobs.
44. According to GNH, people are happier if they
A. have new technology.
B. have a good, stable government.
C. can change their religion.
D. have more money.
45. Today many countries are
A. trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.
B. using the principles of GNH to measure their progress.
C. working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH.
D. taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress.