第二部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Eastern Quakes Can Trigger Big Shakes
In the first week of November 2011, people in central Oklahoma experienced more than two dozen earthquakes. The largest, a magnitude 5.6 quake, shook thousands of fans in a college football stadium, caused cracks in a few buildings and rattled the nerves of many people who had never felt a quake before. Oklahoma is not an area of the country famous for its quakes. If you watch the news on TV, you see reports about all sorts of natural disasters hurricanes, tornadoes, flooding and wildfires, to name a few. But the most dangerous type of natural disaster, and also the most unpredictable, is the earthquake.
Researchers at the U.S. Geological Survey estimate that several million earthquakes rattle the globe each year. That may sound scary, but people dont feel many of the tremors because they happen in remote and unpopulated regions. Many quakes happen under the ocean, and others have a very small magnitude, or shaking intensity.
A magnitude 5.8 earthquake that struck central Virginia the afternoon of August 23, 2011, was felt from central Georgia to southeastern Canada. In many urban areas, including Washington, D.C., and New York City (Wall Street shown), people crowded the streets while engineers inspected buildings. Credit: Wikimedia/Alex Tabak
Scientists know about small, remote quakes only because of very sensitive electronic devices called seismometers. These devices detect and measure the size of ground vibrations produced by earthquakes. Altogether, USGS researchers use seismometers to identify and locate about 20,000 earthquakes each year.
Although earthquakes can happen anywhere in the world, really big quakes occur only in certain areas. The largest ones register a magnitude 8 or higher and happen, on average, only once each year. Such big ones typically occur along the edges of Earths tectonic plates.
Tectonic plates are huge pieces of Earths crust, sometimes many kilometers thick. These plates cover our planets surface like a jigsaw puzzle. Often, jagged edges of these plates temporarily lock together. When plates jostle and scrape past each other earthquakes occur. On average, tectonic plates move very slowly about the same speed as your fingernails grow.
But sometimes earthquakes rumble through portions of the landscape far from a plates edges. Although less expected, these mid-plate tremors can do substantial damage. Some of the biggest known examples rattled the eastern half of the United States two centuries ago. Today, scientists are still puzzling over why the quakes occurred and when similar ones might occur.
16. Oklahoma is an area often experiencing natural disasters.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17. The earthquake is the most unpredictable natural disaster.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
18. Few earthquakes happen without peoples awareness.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
19. Seismometers can identify and locate most of the earthquakes in China.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
20. Big earthquakes of a magnitude 8 0r higher seldom happen far from the edges of tectonic plates.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
21. Whenever tectonic plates move, earthquakes happen.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22. The earthquake that hit the eastern half of the United States two centuries ago is the biggest mid-plate one in history.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
第三部分：概括大意和完成句子(第23~30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题;(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
Learn about Light
1 Ancient civilizations were amazed by the existence of light for thousands of years. The Greek philosophers believed that light was made up of countless, tiny particles that enter the human eye and create what we call vision. However, Empedocles and a Dutch scientist named Christian Huygens believed that light was like a wave. According to them, light spread out and travelled like a straight line. This theory was accepted during the 19th century.
2 ln 1905, Albert Einstein published a research paper in which he explained what is referred to as the photoelectric effect. This theory explains that particles make up light. The particles Einstein was referring to are weightless bundles(束)of electromagnetic(电磁)energy called photons(光子). Today, scientists agree that light has a dual(二重) nature it is part particle and part wave. It is a form of energy that allows us to see things around us.
3 Things that give off light are known as sources of light. During the day, the primary source of light is the sun. Other sources of light include stars, flames, flashlights, street lamps and glowing gases in glass tube.
4 When we draw the way light travels we always use straight lines. This is because normally light rays travel in a straight line. However, there are some instances that can change the path and even the nature of light. They are reflection, absorption, interference (干扰), etc.
5 Physicists have attempted to measure the speed of light since the early times. In 1849, Hippolyte Fizeau conducted an experiment by directing a beam of light to a mirror located kilometers away and placed a rotating cogwheel(旋转齿轮)between the beam and the mirror. From the rate of rotation of the wheel, number of wheels teeth and distance of the mirror, he was able to calculate that the speed of light is 313 million meters per second. In a vacuum(真空),however, the speed of light is 299,792,458 meters per second. This is about a million times faster than the speed of an airplane.
23. Paragraph 2 ___A___
24. Paragraph 3 ___B___
25. Paragraph 4 ___D___
26. Paragraph 5 ___C___
A. How is the nature of light explained today?
B. What are sources of light?
C. How did physicists measure the speed of light?
D. How does light travel?
E. How did people think of light years ago?
F. What causes a shadow?
27. Objects are visible to the human eye as light is __D____
28. Stars, flames, flashlights are some examples of ___A___
29. Some instances such as reflection and absorption can change ___C___
30. Hippolyte Fizeau conducted an experiment to measure ___E___
A. sources of light
B. the speed of light
C. the path of light
D. a straight line
E. a beam of light
F. a form of energy
Making Light of1 Sleep
All we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock， your internal clock2 runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle，called a circadian rhythm，helps control when
you wake，when you eat and when you sleep.
Somewhere around puberty，something happens in the timing of the biological clock. The
clock pushes forward，so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you its time for bed，your body may be pushing you to stay up3 for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.
This shift4 is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your bodys clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark5. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems，too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud6 when they dont get enough sleep，says Mary Carskadon，a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence，RI7 .It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.
But just like your alarm clock，your internal clock can be reset. In fact，it automatically resets
itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.
Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years，researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the bodys clock8 were handled through the same pathways that we use to see.
But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether its day or night.
词汇：
circadian/s3:keidin/ adj. 昼夜节奏的，生理节奏的
adolescent/dlesnt/ n.青少年;adj.青少年的
puberty/ pju:bti/ n.发育;青春期
sync/sik/ n. (口语)同步;和谐，协调
synchronize/sikrnaiz / V.(使)同时发生;(使)同步
注释：
1.make light of ：轻视，不在乎。例如： We should not make light of their achievements.我们不应当低估他们的成就。
2. your internal clock ：指的是第一句中的a clock located inside our brains ，也即是第二段第一句中的the biological clock (生物钟)。
3. stay up：不睡觉，熬夜
4. This shift：这种调整。指上文所描述的由于生理时间的变化青少年上床时间越来越晚的现象。
5. get your bodys clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark ：打乱了你的生物钟与昼夜时间循环之间的平衡
6. gray cloud ：提不起精神的状态
7. Brown University in Providence， RI：位于美国罗得岛州普罗维登斯的布朗大学。RI是Rhode
Island(罗得岛)的首字母缩写;Providence 是罗得岛州的首府。布朗大学是美国一流大学，
创建于1764 年，是世界闻名的美国常春藤联盟(还包括哈佛大学、耶鲁大学、普林斯顿大学、布朗大学、哥伦比亚大学、宾夕法尼亚大学、达特茅斯大学和康奈尔大学)中的一员。
8. the signals that synchronize the bodys clock：平衡生物钟的光信号
练习：
1 .The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock because
A it controls when we wake，when we eat and when we sleep.
B it has a cycle of 24 hours.
C it is a cycle also called circadian rhythm.
D it can alarm any time during 24 hours.
2. What is implied in the second paragraph?
A Young childrens biological clock has the same rhythm with that of the teenagers.
B People after puberty begin to go to bed earlier due to the change of the biological clock.
C Children before puberty tend to fall asleep earlier at night than adolescents.
D Teenagers go to bed later than they used to due to the light from the computer screen.
3. In the third paragraph the author wants to tell the reader that
A it is natural for teenagers to stay up late and get up late.
B staying up late has a bad effect on teenagers ability to think and learn.
C during puberty most teenagers experience a kind of gray cloud.
D it is hard for teenagers to get out of bed in the morning.
4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs?
A Our biological clock resets itself automatically.
B light gets through our eyes and resets our biological clock.
C Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically.
D Our internal clock，like the alarm clock，can be reset.
5. According to the last two paragraphs， what did the previous researchers think about the human eyes light-sensing system?
A The human eye had two light-sensing systems.
B The human eye had one light-sensing system.
C The human eye could sense the light of day more quickly than the dark of night.
D The human eye could reset our internal clocks in accordance with the alarm clocks.
答案与题解：
1.B 第一段第二句提供了答案。句中的your internal clock 即指a clock located inside our Brains。
2. C 第二段主要内容是告诉读者，过了青春期(puberty)，由于生物钟节奏的变化，青少年(adolescents and teenagers)比以前要晚睡几小时。所以C是该段所隐含的内容。
3. B 第三段的最后一句直接给出了答案。
4. C 根据第四和第五段的内容，闹钟和生物钟都可以重新设定时间，但生物钟能通过眼睛接
受的日光来自动调节生理节奏。所以A、B和D都是这两段中所述内容，C是正确选择，因为闹钟不能自动重新设定时间。
5.B 问题使用的是过去时，问的是研究者在最新发现(recent discoveries)之前对眼睛感光系统的认识，即，the signals that synchronize the bodys clock were handled through the same pathways that we use to see (眼睛所接受到的平衡生物钟的光信号同样作用于人类的视觉系统)，也就是说，研究者之前认为人类的眼睛只有一个感光系统。但最新发现却是，人的眼睛有两个感光系统。
Puerto Rican Cuisine(菜肴)
Puerto Rico, a Caribbean (加勒比海区) island rich in history and remarkable natural beauty, has a cuisine all its own. Immigration(移民) to the island has helped to shape its cuisine, with people from all over the world making various contributions to it. However, before the arrival of these immigrants, the Taino people lived on the island of Puerto Rico. Taino cuisine included such foods as rodents (啮齿动物), fresh shellfish and fish fried in corn oil.
Many aspects of Taino cuisine continue today in Puerto Rican cooking, but it has been heavily influenced by the Spanish, who invaded Puerto Rico in 1508, and Africans, who were initially brought to Puerto Rico to work as slaves. Taino cooking styles were mixed with ideas brought by the Spanish and Africans to create new dishes. The Spanish extended food choices by bringing cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep to the island. Africans also added to the islands food culture by introducing powerful, contrasting tastes in dishes. In fact, much of the food Puerto Rico is now famous for - coffee, coconuts, and oranges - was actually imported by foreigners to the island.
A common assumption many people make about Puerto Rican food is that it is very spicy(辛辣的). lts true that chili peppers are popular; aij caballero in particular is a very hot chili pepper that Puerto Ricans enjoy. However, milder(微辣的) tastes are popular too, such as sofrito. As the base of many Puerto Rican dishes, sofrito is a sauce made from chopped onions, green bell peppers, sweet chili peppers, and a handful of other spices. It is fried in oil and then added to other dishes.
36、who lived in Puerto Rico first
A.the Africans
B.the Spanish
C.the Americans
D.the Taino people
37、In the first paragraph the word it refers to
A.immigration
B.Caribbean history
C.the islands natural beauty
D.Puerto Rican cuisine
38、what is the main idea of the second paragraph?
A.Taino dishes are important in Puerto Rican cooking
B.Food imported by foreigners isnt really Puerto Rican
C.Puerto Rican cooking has many outside influences
D.African foods have probably had the most influence
39、How is sofrito used?
A.It is eaten before meals
B.It is added to other dishes
C.It is used where foods are too spicy
D.It is eaten as a main dish
40、which of the following is NOT true?
A.softito is a type of extremely spicy food
B.Many people think Puerto Rican food is spicy
C.Puerto Rican cuisine uses a lot of chili peppers
D.Aij caballero is a type of chile pepper
参考答案：36-40 DDCBA
Archive Gallery: The Best of Bionics (仿生学)
Humans might be the most highly-evolved species on the planet, but most animals possess skills we can only dream of having. Imagine how much electricity we could save if we could see in the dark the way cats do. Imagine leaping from tree to tree like a monkey. Giraffes(长颈鹿), which are otherwise calm and good-natured, sleep only 4.6 hours a day.
We realized a long, long time ago that nature provides the best blueprint(蓝图) for invention. Weve borrowed canals from beavers(河狸) and reflectors from cats eyes. Although the words bionics became popular only after the 1960s, history shows that nature has always provided ideas on solving everyday problems. Our archives(档案) dont go back to the time of Leonardo da Vinci and his bird-like flying machines, but we can take you to the late 19th century, where we applied those same principles for building our first practical airplanes.
To prepare for their flight at Kitty Hawk, the Wright brothers studied the movements of pigeons to figure out how they stayed high up when they were heavier than air. Their success inspired scores of successors to improve on the airplane by studying various aspects of nature. One of Orville Wrights pupils caught and stuffed seagulls to examine their wingspan. Meanwhile, two French inventors examined spinning sycamore (梧桐) seeds in an effort to apply those same motions, reversed, to a helicopter.
Some examples are more obvious than others. The outside of the airplane designed by the Wright brothers looks like a minimalistic(简单抽象艺术) structure. On the other hand, Barney Connetts fish submarine(潜水艇) actually looks like a fish.
Some bio-inspired concepts have yet to be invented. In the 1960s, the US Army commissioned several university professors to conduct research on the motor skills of animals in hope of applying those same abilities to tanks. Tanks that run like horses or jump like grasshoppers(蚂蚱)- sounds shocking, doesnt it? But imagine how life would change if we could achieve that.
41. Cats, monkeys and giraffes mentioned in paragraph 1 are examples to illustrate
A. they are highly-evolved species as humans.
B. animals have skills that humans do not possess.
C. humans can learn animals skills.
D. they are skillful in different ways.
42. Which of the following can be found in the archive gallery?
A. First practical airplanes built in the late 19th century.
B. History books.
C. The Wright brothers sculpture.
D. Leonardo da Vincis bird-like flying machines.
43. What happened after the Wright brothers success?
A. People carried out a systematic study on pigeons.
B. People could fly their airplane for fun.
C. People kept their airplane at a French gallery.
D. People studied more animals and plants to develop the airplane.
44. Which of the following is true about the research carried out by the US Army?
A. It has changed our life.
B. It has cost a large sum of money.
C. It has improved the abilities of tanks.
D. It has not succeeded yet.
45. What does the writer want to tell in the passage?
A. Some animals possess unique skills.
B. Many inventions get ideas from nature.
C. People should protect nature.
D. Bionics is far from perfect.
参考答案：41-45 BADDB
第5部分：补全短文(第46~50题，每题2分，共10分)
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。
Forests for Cities
You are standing in a beautiful forest in Japan. The air is clean and smells like plants and flowers. There are 175 different kinds of trees, and 60 kinds of birds live here. ___C____ (46) You are downtown in the city of Nara, Japan, in Kasugayama Forest, the oldest urban forest in the world. It was started more than a thousand years ago, and today its very popular with tourists and artists.
Cities around the world are working to protect their urban forests. Some urban forests are parks, and some are just streets with a lot of trees. But all urban forests have many good effects on the environment. ____D___ (47) They also stop the noise from heavy traffic. They even make the weather better because they make the air 3-5 degrees cooler, and they stop strong winds.
Urban forests also have many good effects on people. They make the city more beautiful. In a crowded area, they give people a place to relax and spend time in nature. ___B__(48)
In some countries, people are starting new urban forests. In England, there are now 1.3 million trees in an urban forest called Thames Chase, east of London. It was started in 1990, and it has grown very fast. Walking and bicycle clubs use the forest, and there are programs for children and artists.__E__ (49)
Some older cities dont have space for a big urban forest, but planting trees on the streets makes the city better. Scientists found that commuters (通勤人员) feel more relaxed when they can see trees. Trees are even good for business. ___A____ (50) In the future, urban forests will become even more important as our cities grow bigger. In the megacities(超大城市) of tomorrow, people will need more green space to live a comfortable life. Planting trees today will make our lives better in the future.
A.People spend more time at shopping centers that have trees
B.In hot countries，urban forests are cool places for walking and other healthy exercises
C.But you are not in rural area
D.Trees take pollution out of the air
E.In 2033，it will have 5 million trees
F.It has many kinds of birds in the country
Germs on Banknotes
People in different countries use different types of 1 yuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, dollars in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may use 2 currencies, but these countries, and probably all countries, still have one thing in common1: Germs on the banknotes.
Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over2 100 years. At the turn of the 20th 3 , some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could spread disease.
Most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency 4 one country. In a new study, Frank Vriesekoop3 and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different 5 .
Vriesekoop3 is a microbiologist at the University of Ballarat in Australia4. He led the study, which compared the germ populations found on money 6 from 10 nations. The scientists studied 1,280 banknotes in total; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets street vendors and cafes, 7 those businesses often rely on cash.
Overall, the Australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteria ---- no more than 10 per square centimeter. Chinese yuan had the most ---- about 100 per square centimeter. Most of the germs on money probably would not cause harm.
What we call paper money usually isnt made from paper. The U. S. dollar, for example, is printed on fabric that is mostly 8 .Different countries may use different 9 to print their money. Some of the currencies studied by Vriesekoop and his 10 such as the American dollar were made from cotton. Others were made from polymers.
The three 11 with the lowest numbers of bacteria were all printed on polymers. They included the Australian dollar, the New Zealand dollar and some Mexican pesos.
The other currencies were printed on fabric made 12 of cotton. Fewer germs lived on the polymer notes. This connection suggests that 13 have a harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientists need to do more studies to understand how germs live on money-----and whether or not we need to be concerned. Vnesekoop is now starting a study that will 14 the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills.
Whatever Vriesekoop finds, the fact remains: Paper money harbors germs We should wash our 15 after touching it; after all5, you never know where your money s been. Or whats living on it
词汇：
pesos/pi:svs/ n .比索 bacterium /kktirim/ n .细菌(单数)
germ/d:m/ n.病菌 bacteria /bktiri/细菌(复数)
banknote/bknvt/ n.纸币 centimeter/senti,mi:t。/ n.厘米
microbiologist /,maikrv,baildist/n.微生 polymer/plim / n. [高分子」聚合物
物学家 harbor/ha:b/ v.怀有，藏有
vendor/vendI/n.小贩
注释：
1.have one thing in common ：有一个共同点
2. well over ：大大超过
3. Frank Vriesekoop : Frank Vriesekoop 博士是巴拉瑞特大学的食品微生物学家，他率领一个全球研究小组对至少10个国家的纸币展开了分析。他的研究结果是：相对于比较落后贫穷的国家，富裕发达国家的纸币所携带的病菌较少。重要的是，世界各地纸币上的病菌数量都没有达到令人担心的程度。研究还发现纸币使用的年限和材质对纸币的污染程度也有影响。
4. University of Ballarat in Australia：澳大利亚巴拉瑞特大学。该校建立于1994年，位于维多利亚省的巴拉瑞特市。
5. after all：毕竟
练习:
1. A coins B money C cheques D loans
2. A different B clean C hard D foreign
3. A anniversary B year C decade D century
4. A along B with C within D outside
5. A countries B areas C regions D provinces
6. A delivered B borrowed C gathered D designed
7. A because B though C when D where
8. A plastic B rubber C cotton D paper
9. A languages B colors C substances D materials
10. A family B team C advisor D boss
11. A expenses B banks C statements D currencies
12. A nearly B mostly C likely D merely
13. A dirt B water C germs D oil
14. A compare B connect C conduct D command
15. A arms B hands C face D clothes
答案与题解:
1.B 冒号后面说的是各国使用钱币的名称:yuan in China ，pesos in Mexico，pounds in the United Kingdom，dollars in the United States，Aus往alia and New Zealand ，所以填人的词必 定与这些钱币有关，而且应该是钱币的总括词。因此选 money 最为恰当。coins 是硬币，cheques 是支票 ，loans是贷款，它们都不会是答案。
2.A 本题的句子说的是:虽然各国使用的纸币各不相同，它们有一个共同点，那就是纸币上 有病菌。四个选项中 different 是答案。
3.D 选century 最合理。选 anniversary (周年)，year (年)或decade都不合逻辑。
4.C 本段第二句提供了解答本题的线索。Frank Vriesekoop 的研究与以前的科学家的研究不同，他比较了各国钱币上的病菌数量， 在他之前的科学家的研究范围局限于一个国家的纸币。四个选项中只有 within 表达在(一个国家)里的意思。
5. A 经过第四题选词的思索过程，本题的形容词很自然会在 different 之后用 countries，指不同的国家。
6. C 上一句说 Vriesekoop 比较不同国家纸币携带病菌的数量。本题的句子明确指出他对比 的纸币涉及十个国家。四个选项中只有 gathered (收集)与上下文的意思相匹配。
7. A 填词所在的句子与前面的主句存在因果关系。为什么要从食品店和食品摊收集纸币呢?因为这些地方常要用现金支付。本题答案是 because。
8. C fabric 是织物，其制作原料不会是 plastic(塑料)或 rubber( 橡胶)。选 paper 也不对， 因为本句是说明纸币的制作原料通常不是纸。制作 fabric 的原料是 cotton( 棉花)，这是合乎常理的。而且该段倒数第二句也提供了答案。所以答案是 cotton。
9.D 本段说纸币的材料一般不是纸，通常是用棉花织物或高分子聚合物制作的。所以选择materials( 材料、原料)是正确的。
10. B 本题应当选 team。与 family (家庭成员)，advisor (顾问)或 boss (老板)合作研究不是 没有可能，但总有些离谱。与团队合作研究比较合理。
11. D 本段第二句提供了线索，它列出三种纸币，即 the Australian dollar ，the New Zealand dollar 和 some Mexican pesos。选 currencies 是最合理的。另外三个选项都不合适; expenses是支出，banks 是银行 ，statements 是账单。
12. B 本题只有选 mostly，上下文意思才连贯。
13. C 前一句说用高分子聚合物制作的钱币含菌数量较少。本题的句子接着分析说，在高分子聚合物上存活较难。谁存活较难?当然是病菌。本题答案是germs0 dirt, water 和oil 是非生物，不存在生存的问题。
14.A 四个选项填入句子后，句子成了： compare/connect/conduct/command the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills, 很明显;connect (连接)/conduct (实施)/command(控制)amounts of time是无法成立的。只有compare(比较)不同纸币上病菌存活的时间才是Vriesekoop 要研究的新课题。
15. B人们通常是用手接触纸币的。所以接触纸币后要洗手。答案是hands。