5.定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：Shanghai is a big city .
6.状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .
7.宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean. / He often helps me do my lessons. / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.
☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?
构词法
英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。
1.合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。
2.派生法：
派生名词：①动词+er/or ②动词+ing ③动词+ion ④形容词+ness ⑤其他,如：inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge
派生形容词：①名词+y ②名词+ful ③动词+ing/ed ④friendly ⑤dangerous ⑥Chinese; Japanese ⑦English ⑧French ⑨German ⑩国名+an 如：snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily,nervous, delicious
派生副词：①形容词+ly ②其它,如：slowly, angrily, fullfully, goodwell, possiblepossibly等等。
3.转换法：
形容词动词,如：drydry, cleanclean,等等。
动词名词,如：look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。
名词动词,如：hand,face等等。
形容词副词,如：earlyearly, fastfast等等。
副词连词,如：when,等等。
介词副词,如：in,on,等等。