倒装:
英语的一般语序为:主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 。有时为了语法上或修辞上的需要而改变这种语序,如将谓语动词放到主语的前面,就称为倒装。因语法需要的倒装称为语法倒装,例如英语中的疑问句多采用倒装形式,如Are you a doctor or an engineer? 因修辞需要,如为了强调、句子结构均衡或承上启下等目的倒装,称为修辞性倒装,例如On the top of the hill stands a pretty little house. 。
就应试而言,以下倒装现象应给予特别注意:
1) not, not until, never, no, no sooner, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, few 等 否定词开头的句子,比较:
例1
正常语序:I shall never forget the first days at college.
倒装语序:Never shall I forget the first days at college.
例2
正常语序:I did not have any idea what market economy is until recently.
倒装语序:Not until recently did I have any idea what market economy is.
以上两个句子采用倒装语序的主要目的是为了强调。
在这一节中,要特别注意以下三个倒装句型:
not until ,见以上例2
no sooner than, 例如:
No sooner had she finished reading the poem than the students began to ask her questions.
hardly when ,与 no sooner than句型的意思和用法相同,就是不要把搭配搞错了,既:
Hardly had she finished reading the poem when the students began to ask her questions.
2)介词 + no否定词开头的句子, 比较:
正常语序:I shall not do anything against the interests of the country under any circumstances.
倒装语序:Under no circumstances shall I do anything against the interests of the country.
3) only, so/such ,often 等词开头的句子,比较: 4)
正常语序:We can learn a foreign language well only in this way.
倒装语序:Only in this way can we learn a foreign language well.
正常语序:The stain was so small that I could hardly see it.
倒装语序:So small was the stain that I could hardly see it.
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