省略:
1)省略是为了避免重复,保持语言简洁的一种语法手段。尤其是在口语中,省略是个普遍现象,例如:
I have heard of the news. So have I.
He didnt go to the concert yesterday. Neither did I.
想一下,为什么以上句子的应答部分要采用倒装形式?
此外,此类省略形式的要注意的一个问题是:前后时态要一致。
2)就职称考试而言,大家要特别注意由when, while, whether, if, unless, although等引出的状语从句中的省略现象,比较:
不省略:The young boy was badly injured by a motorcycle when he was crossing the street.
省略:The young boy was badly injured by a motorcycle when crossing the street.
不省略:If irrigation is not well managed, it can be harmful.
省略:If not well managed, irrigation may be harmful.
从以上两个例子可以归纳出此类从句的省略基本规则:
只有当主句和从句的主语相同时才能采用省略形式,省略时将从句的主语连同be动词一起省略;
如果句子主语与从句的动词是主动关系,采用-ing形式;如果句子主语与从句的动词是被动关系,采用-ed形式;
根据以上规则,确定以下题目的正确答案:
If ______ a hot bath before sleep, a days tiredness will soon vanish.
A.taking
B.taken
C.to take
D.you take
解题思路:由于该句主句的主语是a days tiredness,不可能发出take a hot bath的行为,故不能采用省略,答案应为D.
在if / when / whether + it is necessary, possible, convenient, important, applicable 等结构时,则省去 it is, 只保留 necessary, possible, convenient, important, applicable等,这是习惯,例如:
Take the medicine when necessary.
注意:英语中一般不能说:you are necessary / convenient / possible/ important等,例如不能说: Take this medicine when you are necessary, 或Come when you are convenient.
3)what, when, whether, how等 + to do 的省略形式,例如:
You are a college student now;you should know what to do and what not to do
The train leaves at midnight, but at present we have not decided whether to take the trip.
但是:why do, 中间不用 to 连接,例如:
Why not go and ask the teacher for help?
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