第三句型:主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语
我们知道,名词可以做主语和宾语,非谓语动词 -ing和 to do也可以做主语和宾语,
作主语:
Learning a foreign language is not easy.
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
从语法角度讲,上述两个表达方式都可以。
但是,当动词处于宾语位置时,就不能这样随心所欲了,因为英语语法有以下几个规定:
1)acknowledge / admit / appreciate / avoid / consider / contemplate / defer / deny / dislike / enjoy / escape / evade / excuse / facilitate / fancy / favor / feel like / finish / give up / cannot help / cannot stand / imagine / include / keep / do not mind / miss / permit / practice / regret / resent / risk / suggest 等词后面的动词宾语必须用-ing 形式,重点和首先要掌握黑体字部分。由于这些次的词义与解题关系不大,没有给出具体词义解释。若需要,请学生自己查字典解决。
这是语法考试的一个重点,要对以上词特别敏感,例如:
It is impossible to avoid ______ by the stormy weather.
A. being much affected
B. having much affected
C. to be much affected
D. to have been much affected
解题思路:1)一看到avoid一词,便可确定正确答案在A、B中; 2)affect意为影响,及物动词,故B不对。[如果做题时间来不及,此类题目若有主动语态和被动语态之分,一般选被动语态的正确率高些。]
2) remember / forget:后面既可跟 -ing, 也可跟 to do,但意思不一样:to do表示说话时还没有发生的事,-ing表示对已经发生过事的回忆,如:我昨天出门时忘了关窗了。显然是指出门时还没
有做的事,因此用to do形式;我不记得以前见过你。显然是指说话以前的事,因此用 -ing形式,即:
I forgot to close the windows when I left home yesterday.
I dont remember seeing you before.
因此,除了知道这个规定外,分清发生过还是没有发生是解题的关键。
实例:
Do you remember ______ to Professor Smith during your last visit?
A. to have been introduced
B. having introduced
C. being introduced
D. to be introduced
解题思路:1)第一步要确定发生过还是没有发生,即A、D还是B、C,你记得上次访问时被介绍给Smith教授的情况吗?显然是已发生的事,选B、C;2)introduce后没有宾语,说明是被动语态:,故选C [再看一下上一节中的 解题思路]
3)need / want / require等解释为需要时,有两种表达方式,如:
这间会客室需要打扫一下
A.This waiting room needs to be cleaned.
B.This waiting room needs cleaning.
考试时若同时出现两种选择,选B
4)look forward to / object to / subject to / be subjected to / be opposed to / oppose to中的 to 是介词,后面应跟名词或动名词-ing,
上一篇: 语法词汇职称英语重要语法知识点(3)
Online Shopping 网上购物-英语点津
Lights! Camera! English! 灯光,摄像机,英语!
Until I'm blue in the face 任凭你磨破嘴皮
Pull something out of the hat 突施妙计
The future of English 未来的英语语言变化
White / blue-collar worker 白领,蓝领
One good turn deserves another 以德报德,礼尚往来
Off the hook 脱身
Why do we laugh? 为什么我们会笑?
Too much stuff 物质主义和简约主义
To turn something upside down 把……翻个底朝天
In the blink of an eye 一眨眼之间
Barefaced 厚颜无耻的
Bust a gut 拼了命地工作
Closing the doors on paradise 为生态修复关闭旅游天堂岛屿
Bored at work? Sue the boss! 工作无聊怪老板?
The good of gardening 园艺疗法益心养神
To fall at the first hurdle 跌倒在第一关
Would you let your baby sleep in a box? 你愿意让自己的宝宝在盒子里睡觉吗?
Bye bye Big Ben's bongs 与大本钟的钟声暂时告别
The problem with big brains 聪明大脑所带来的问题
Is a game just a game? 游戏只是游戏吗?
Hangry 饥饿成怒
Are you addicted to your phone? 你是不是玩手机上瘾了?
It's on the cards 这件事十有八九会发生
Going forward 从今往后
A recipe for disaster 后患无穷
Clean up your act 改邪归正
The last/final straw 忍无可忍,使人最终崩溃的一击
Apple’s headphone headache? 令人头疼的新款苹果耳机