2014年职称英语考试综合类语法知识讲解:第二十讲句型-查字典英语网
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2014年职称英语考试综合类语法知识讲解:第二十讲句型

发布时间:2016-03-02  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  (四)第四句型:主语 + 及物动词 + 双宾语

  有些动词(主要是授予动词)后面需要或可以接双宾语结构,如:give, write, buy, send, make等

  You may send him an E-mail or write him a letter.

  这个句子也可使用以下结构:

  You may send an E-mail (to him) or write a letter to him. 所以 to 和 for 是连接双宾语结构的重要介词。

  该句型的重点是要记住以下短语,特别是所用的介词:

  to cure of(治愈)

  to accuse of(谴责)

  to convince of(说服)

  to inform of(通知)

  to notify of (通知)

  to clean of (清除)

  to warn of / against (警告)

  to cheat of(欺骗)

  to rob of(抢劫)

  例如:

  We have to inform the family of the patients condition as soon as possible. / Have the family been informed of the patients condition? (我们得尽快将病人的病情通知其家属。/ 已经将病人的病情通知其家人了吗?)

  注意下面句子的结构变化:

  May I ask you a question? May I ask a question of you?

  直接和间接宾语的位置与上面短语有何不同?

  (五)第五句型:主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语

  先回顾一下本讲第一节中有关宾语和宾语补足语的概念。

  这个句型也是考试的重点,主要有三个难点:

  1) 要不要 to的问题:

  The director wants you to come right now. (主任要你马上就来。)

  句中to come 是宾语you的补足语。也就是说,当宾语补足语是动词时,一般要用 to连接。但是,以下情况例外:

  n make, let, have等使役动词,如:

  Shall I have him come here?(要我叫他来吗?)

  I wont have him cheat me. (否定式,表示容许:我决不容许他欺骗我)

  上述句型变为被动语态时,一般要加 to,如:

  The nurse made the patient eat something. (护士让病人吃了点东西。)

  The patient was made to eat something.

  有时,宾语补足语也可用 -ing形式,如:

  His joke made us laughing for a couple of minutes. (他的笑话使我们笑了几分钟。- 注意后面的时间状语for a couple of minutes)

  记住下面重要表达方式:

  to have / get (something) done, 如:

  I am going to have (get) my watch repaired.(我去修一下表。)

  n see, hear, notice, observe, watch, look at, listen to 等感觉动词:

  使用原则与上述大致相同。

  2) 要不要 it的问题:

  先看两个句子:

  We sometimes find it difficult to get rid of a bad habit. (有时我们发现要改掉一个坏习惯很难。)该句的原始结构可理解为:We sometimes find (to get rid of a bad habit) difficult. 括号部分(动词不定式)为宾语,difficult为宾语补足语

  The doctor has made it clear to you that there is nothing wrong with your stomach.(医生已经跟你说得很清楚了,你的胃没有什么问题。)该句的原始结构可理解为:The doctor has made (there is nothing wrong with your stomach)clear. 括号部分(句子)为宾语,clear为宾语补足语

  归纳:

  n 在主语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语结构中,当宾语是动词不定式或句子时,要用it(不是this, that或其他任何词)作形式宾语,将动词不定式或句子移到句子的后面去。

  n 考试时,判断要不要 it,主要看句子后面有没有动词不定式或句子,若有,要选 it

  n 宾语、宾语补足语倒装:当宾语(名词)较长,宾语补足语较短(往往是1个形容词,如possible, impossible, difficult, easy, clear等)时,为了句子结构均衡,往往采用倒装,这里不存在it的使用问题, 对下句作出判断:

  The development of ultrasound has made ______ early diagnosis of some fatal diseases. (超声波的出现使许多致命疾病的早期诊断成为可能。)

  A. it possible

  B. possible

  C. it is

  D. it

  该题的正确答案应为B,因为句子采用了倒装形式,原结构为:

  The development of ultrasound has made [early diagnosis of some fatal diseases] possible.

  宾语 补足语

  3) 记住以下短语:

  to takeas(把当作)

  to think ofas(把看作)

  to regardas(把看作)

  to refer toas(把叫作)

  关于五个基本句型,重点要掌握每个句型的出题点,举一反三。

  

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