虚拟语气概述:
英语有三种语气:陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。对前两种语气,学生似乎比较熟悉,而对虚拟语气似乎感到比较难掌握。造成这种情况的主要原因,一是对虚拟语气有误解,认为虚拟语气表达的内容都是假的;二是将虚拟语气放在英语语法过高的地位上,原因之一是语法考试经常考虚拟语气,如2000年A卷20道语法题中有5道是虚拟语气的语法范畴;三是英语中虚拟语气的表达形式比较特殊。
其实,虚拟语气有两大类用法:
1. 在对他人作命令、推荐、建议、劝慰、说服时用虚拟语气形式表达,表示语气的客气或婉转,如:
I would like you to answer this question. (我想请你来回答这个问题。)
这里的would like to (想),就是虚拟语气,相当于want to:
口语中常用的句型,象:
Would you mind my smoking here?(我在这里抽烟你不介意吧?)
It might a good idea to wait and see.(观望或许是个好主意。)
Could you tell me where the post office is?(能告诉我邮局怎么走吗?)
Youd better bring an umbrella with you; its thundering. (你最好带上雨伞;天在打雷。)
Id rather stay at home in such bad weather.(这种恶劣天气我宁可呆在家里。)
等句子都属于虚拟语气的范畴,注意这里的动词都采用了过去时的形式。
2. 表达与事实相反或(几乎)不可能实现的事,这可能就是一般人概念中的虚拟语气,如:
If only there had been a doctor at the moment. (当时有个医生就好了。- 实际情况是当时没有医生)
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