句子的连接:
牢牢记住:逗号,不能连接两个句子
这是英语书面语中句子连接的核心思想,如:
错:He is ill, he cannot come to the party this evening. (他病了,今晚不能来参加派对。)
改:He is ill and he cannot come to the party this evening. 或:
Because he is ill, he cannot come to the party this evening. 或:
He is ill so he cannot come to the party this evening.
当然,还可以有其他几种改法。但不管怎么改,都必须有连接词,如上句中的 and, because, so 都称为连接词.不同的连接词有不同的句法功能,名称五花八门。为了便于学习,讲座中将尽量避免使用语法术语,大家只要记住连接词这个概念就可以了。
上述两个句子的连接,如果不用连接词连接,就必须将其中一个句子(一般为从句)的谓语动词改为动词非谓语形式,即:
Being ill, he cannot come to the party this evening.
关于这个问题,将在第五讲:动词非谓语形式具体讨论。
举出上述例子,是想告诉考生一个重要的语法现象:当考题中出现两个句子(或类似两个句子的结构)要求连接时,A,B,C,D选项的正确答案要么是连接词,要么是动词非谓语形式,其他形式都是错的。这个概念对于应试是非常重要的。
例如:
Some metals are better conductors than others, ______ means that the former has atoms that contain more free electrons than the latter.
A.it B. that C.this D. which
不要考虑这个句子是什么意思,首先看到的是这两个句子中间是个,号,其考点只有一个,即A,B,C,D四个选项中哪个是连接词。A,C在英语中不是连接词,永远不可能用来连接两个句子。这是个非限制性定语从句(具体概念见第四讲),故正确答案为D.
又如:
It ______ fine, all the students went to Xishan for a picnic.
A.was B. is C. be D. being
这两个句子中间又是个,号。显然,这道题的A,B,C,D选项不是连接词,而是动词,只有用动词非谓语形式才能把这两个句子连起来,故正确答案只能是D.
本讲座一再强调的一个思想是:对于某些语法题,解题思路比单纯认识几个英文单词更为重要。
英语中,句子的连接有以下几种形式:
1)并列复合句 2) 状语从句
3)定语从句(含同位语从句)
4)名词性从句(即主、宾、表语从句)
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