2014年职称英语考试综合类语法知识讲解:第四讲倒装-查字典英语网
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2014年职称英语考试综合类语法知识讲解:第四讲倒装

发布时间:2016-03-02  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  倒装:

  英语的一般语序为:主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语(或表语) + (状语等附加成分)。有时为了语法上或修辞上的需要而改变这种语序,如将谓语动词放到主语的前面,就称为倒装。因语法需要的倒装称为语法倒装,例如英语中的疑问句多采用倒装形式,如Are you a doctor or an engineer? 因修辞需要,如为了强调、句子结构均衡或承上启下等目的倒装,称为修辞性倒装,例如On the top of the hill stands a pretty little house. (山顶上有一座漂亮的小屋。)。

  就应试而言,以下倒装现象应给予特别注意(按考试中出现的频率高低顺序排列):

  1) not, not until, never, no, no sooner, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, few 等 否定词开头的句子,比较:

  例1

  正常语序:I shall never forget the first days at college.

  倒装语序:Never shall I forget the first days at college.

  (我永远不会忘记初上大学的那些日子)

  例2

  正常语序:I did not have any idea what market economy is until recently.

  倒装语序:Not until recently did I have any idea what market economy is.

  (直到最近我才知道什么叫市场经济。)

  以上两个句子采用倒装语序的主要目的是为了强调。

  在这一节中,要特别注意以下三个倒装句型:

  not until ,见以上例2

  no sooner than, 例如:

  No sooner had she finished reading the poem than the students began to ask her questions.

  (她刚念完这首诗,学生们就开始向她提问题了。)

  hardly when ,与 no sooner than句型的意思和用法相同,就是不要把搭配搞错了,既:

  Hardly had she finished reading the poem when the students began to ask her questions.

  2)介词 + no否定词开头的句子, 比较:

  正常语序:I shall not do anything against the interests of the country under any circumstances.(不管在什么情况下,我决不做有损国家利益的事情。)

  倒装语序:Under no circumstances shall I do anything against the interests of the country.

  3) only, so/such (that),often 等词开头的句子,比较: 4)

  正常语序:We can learn a foreign language well only in this way.

  倒装语序:Only in this way can we learn a foreign language well.

  (只有这样我们才能学好一门外语。)

  正常语序:The stain was so small that I could hardly see it.

  倒装语序:So small was the stain that I could hardly see it.

  (污迹很小,几乎看不出来。)

  

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