非谓语动词是常考查和较难的一个语法点,希望通过对非谓语动词用法的详解,可以帮助考生更好的掌握非谓语动词的相关考点,为进行阅读学习打下良好的语法基础.
非谓语动词也叫非限定动词或动词的非谓语形式.非谓语动词主要包括动名词、不定式和分词,即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外, 具有动词的部分语法特征,可以承担句子的任何成分.
一、动名词
1.定义:
动名词是由动词或动词短语转换而成的名词性结构,其构成的形式是在动词或动词短语的动词后面加上ing.
2.功能:
动名词在句中起名词的作用,可用作主语、表语、宾语和定语等.
作主语
e.g. Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的.
作表语
e.g. In the ant city, the queens job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵.
作宾语
e.g. We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染.
作定语
e.gHe cant walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路.
3.考点:
动名词在职称英语中往往不是不直接进行考察,而是把动名词结构放在英语的句子中,然后考察考生对句含动名词结构的这个句子的句意的准确了解.所以,考生在复习中主要需要弄清楚动名词在英语句子中的四种语法功能.
4.与分词做定语的区别:
现在分词由原形动词+ing构成,如designing,leaving,stopping等现在分词作定语时,表示正在进行的动作,或经常性的动作,或表示现状.由此可见现在分词与动名词结构在形上相似.考生需要能区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的情况.动名词作定语往往表示所修饰的名词的功能/用语,现在分词作定语强调分词结构中的动作正在进行.
Give the note to theloudly-speakingman. 请把便条交给坐在正在高声说话的人.
Id like to buy a washingmaching.. 我想要一台洗衣机.
5.常接动名词作宾语的动词:
acknowledge,advocate,anticipate,appreciate,advise,avoid,admit,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enioy,escape,excuse,fancy,favor,finish,f1orgive,imagine,include,involve,justify,keep,mind,miss,pardon,practice,postpone,permit,report,resent,resume,risk,resist,suggest,tolerate
6.动名词的习惯用法与句型:
be busy/active doinz sth.
have difficulty/trouble/problems/struggledoing sth.
Its no good/use doing sth.
have a good/hard/difficuh time doing sth.
spend/waste time doing sth.
There is no point/sense/harm/use/gooddoing sth.
cannot help doing sth.
There is no use doing sth
二、不定式
1、动词不定式形式:+do具有名词、形容词、副词的特征;否定式:not+ do
2、不定式的句法功能:
作主语:
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式:
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It means failure to lose your heart.
常用句式有:
1、It+be+名词+to do.
2、It takes sb.+some time+to do.
3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do.
4、It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do.
常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词,不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语.
作表语:
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold.