分词是一种非谓语动词,在句中不能单独作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,它可以带宾语、状语和表语构成分词短语。分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。
1.现在分词和过去分词的构成
A.现在分词由原形动词+ing构成,如desinging,leaving,stopping等。
B.过去分词分两类,一类是规则动词,由原形动词+ed构成,如started,excited,copied,stepped等;一类是不规则动词,如dug,thrown,written等,需记忆。
2.分词的时态和语态
现在分词有一般式和完成式,并有主动和被动语态。过去分词则只有一种形式。现以动词study为例
3.现在分词和过去分词的区别。
A.在时态上,通常现在分词表示进行,过去分词表示完成,如:
the developing countries/发展中国家
the developed countries/发达国家
B.在语态上,通常现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动,如:
a moving film/一部感人的影片
the moved audience/受感动的观众
过去分词没有时态形式的变化。现在分词分一般式和完成式,一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生。现在分词完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前在句中不作定语,常常用作状语,表示时间或原因。如:
Having heard the story before.she didnt want t0 hear it again./以前听过这个故事,她不想再听了。
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