分词:
分词是一种非谓语动词,在句中不能单独作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,它可以带宾语、状语和表语构成分词短语。分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。
1.现在分词和过去分词的构成
A.现在分词由原形动词+ing构成,如desinging,leaving,stopping等。
B.过去分词分两类,一类是规则动词,由原形动词+ed构成,如started,excited,copied,stepped等;一类是不规则动词,如dug,thrown,written等,需记忆。
2.分词的时态和语态
现在分词有一般式和完成式,并有主动和被动语态。过去分词则只有一种形式。现以动词study为例
3.现在分词和过去分词的区别。
A.在时态上,通常现在分词表示进行,过去分词表示完成,如:
the developing countries/发展中国家
the developed countries/发达国家
B.在语态上,通常现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动,如:
a moving film/一部感人的影片
the moved audience/受感动的观众
过去分词没有时态形式的变化。现在分词分一般式和完成式,一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生。现在分词完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前在句中不作定语,常常用作状语,表示时间或原因。如:
Having heard the story before.she didnt want t0 hear it again./以前听过这个故事,她不想再听了。
虚拟语气
1.虚拟语气的含蓄条件句
介词with,without,under,in,but for等表示含蓄条件;
连词but,or,or else等表示含蓄条件;
副词otherwise,unfortunately等表示转折假设;
2.用于方式状语从句的虚拟语气
3.常用的虚拟语气句式
1) it is timemda.com
2) would rather
3)intend/mean/hope/wish/plan的一般过去式或was/were+不定式完成式
或:intend/mean/hope/wish/plan的过去完成式+不定式一般式;表示未曾实现的行为;
4)情态动词完成式可以表示责备、推测语气;倒装
全部倒装与部分倒装:
英语中,通常是主语在谓语动词的前面,是主语+谓语结构,这叫陈述语序,也称为正常语序,如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前,就称为倒装语序。有的倒装语序把整个谓语动词放在主语之前,称为完全倒装,有的只是谓语动词的一部分放在主语之前,称为部分倒装。例如:
正常语序Her student stood by her side.她的学生站在她的边上.
倒装语序By her side stood her student
正常语序We have rarely found him in such a good mood.我们很少看到他情绪那么好
倒装语序Rarely havewe found him in such a good mood
1.否定词语置于句首
never.no,neither,hardly,scarcely,little,seldom,rarely,not until,nowhere,at no time,on n0 account.in no respects,in no sense,in no way,under no circumstances,by no means,no longer,no less,no more,no sooner,in vain
2.only+状语置于句首
only加副词:only then,only onceonly加介词短语:only at that time,only in this way,only by doing
only加状语从句:only because,only when
3.not onlybut also置于句首
4.80that状语、表语置于句首
5.than引导的比较状语从句
6.表语+系动词+主语
7.存在句
8.as引导的让步状语从句在线
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