1.英语中的助动词有下面这些:
(1)be, am, is, are, was, were, been, being
(2)have, has, had, having
(3)shall, will, should, would
(4)do, does, did
这些助动词一般没有词义,主要帮助构成谓语,表示时态、语态、语气等,或构成疑问及否定形式。
2.助动词be可用来:
(1)构成进行时态:
Ill be seeing her at 10 tomorrow. 我明天十点和她会面。
What have you been doing these days? 这些天来你在干什么?
(2)构成被动语态:
What has been assigned for todays homework? 今天留了什么作业?
Preparations are being made for the speech contest. 演讲比赛的准备工作正在进行。
(3)和动词不定式构成复合谓语,表示按计划安排即将发生的事情:
A new hospital is to be built in our district. 我们区要修建一所新医院。
Where are we to meet? 我们在哪里碰头?
3.助动词have可用来:
(1)构成完成时态和完成进行时态:
Great successes have been achieved on all fronts. 在各个战线上都取得了巨大的胜利。
That was the place I had been longing to see. 这是我一直渴望见到的地方。
(2)和动词不定式构成谓语,表示不得不做的事情:
The train has left.Well have to wait for the next train. 火车开了,我们得等下一班车了。
Do we have to translate the whole text into Chinese? No,you dont have to. 我们需要把整篇课文译成汉语吗?不必。
4.助动词do可以用来:
(1)构成疑问式和否定式:
Do you go? 你去吗? Did you go? 你去了吗?
I did not go. 我没有去。
(2)加强语气(用于强调谓语):
I do think you should go. 我的确认为你应当去。
Do come and join us. 千万要来参加我们的活动。
(3)代替前面刚出现的动词来避免重复:
She speaks mush more fluently now than she did last term. 她现在比上学期说得流利得多了。
Did you see him? Yes, I did. 你看见他了吗?嗯,看见了。
5.Shall可以用来:
(1)构成将来时态,单纯表示未来情况。主要用于第一人称:
We shant be back tonight. 我们今晚不回来。
Tomorrow we shall have finished the whole thing. 明天就全部完成了。
(2)用在问句中征求对方的意见和指示,主要用于第一人称:
Shall I turn on the light? 要开灯吗?
Shall we sit here? 咱们坐这儿怎么样?
6.will可以用来:
(1)构成将来时态,主要用于第二、三人称:
Will you have anything to do tonight? 你今晚有事吗?
They will have got to Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天这时候他们就已经到上海了。
(2)用于疑问句,表示请进、邀请:
Will you type this,please? 请把这打一下好吗?
Wont you come over? 请到这边来好吗?
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