名词性从句
一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句组成的句子称为复合句。主句是句的主体,从句只用作句子的一个成分而从属于主句,从句种类由从句在句中所起的作用而定。充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语和状语的从句分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。其中主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句在句中的作用相当于名词通常在句中所起的作用,因而统称为名词性从句。1)引导这些从句的词主要有三类:
1.从属连词:that,whether,if
2.连接代词:who,whom,whose,what,which
3.连接副词:when,where,why,how
2)主语从句:
主语从句在句子中从当主语,在主语从句所在句子结构形式是从句+谓语,如:
That the sea covers about three-fourths 0f the earths surface is well known.众所周知海洋约占地球表面的四分之三。
对于主语从句要注意主语谓语一致性的原则:句子的主语是主语从句时,谓语部分应该使用单数的形式,如:
When she went there and what she did are still uncertain.也是什么时候去哪里的,她在哪里做了什么,这些都还不能确定。
3)宾语从句
宾语从句在句子中充当作动词或介词的宾语,如:
They tell methe math course is difficult.他们告诉我数学课程很难。
4)表语从句
表语从句谓语be动词的后面,充当句子的表语。
My problem is how we call reduce this high temperature.我的问题是我们怎么能够降低这样的高温。
1)下列的抽象、概念性名词常引出同位语从句
appeal,belief,conclusion,condition,conviction,doubt,evidence,fact,fear,feeling,ground,hope,idea,likelihood,message,news,opinion,order,plan,point,possibility,problem,promise,reply,pmof,proposal,question,rumor,story,suggestion,suspicion,theory,thought,truth,trouble,undestanding,worry
2)连词通常为从属连词that,但有时由于名词内容的需要,也可由whether及连接副词why,when,where,how引导。that只充当连接手段,不作其后句子成分,不表示任何意义;其它词表示时间、地点、原因等。
3)同位语从句有时与抽象、概念性名词之间有插入语。
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