2014年职称英语理工类课程讲义:词汇选项(6)-查字典英语网
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2014年职称英语理工类课程讲义:词汇选项(6)

发布时间:2016-03-02  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  11.We should not sacrifice(牺牲) environmental protections(环保) to foster (促进)economic(经济的) growth(增长). (answer: B)

  A. reduce:减少,同义词:decrease

  B. promote: v 晋升、提升、促进

  C. realize():认识到、实现计划、了解到,常见搭配:

  Realize ones mistake认识到自己的错误;realize ones hopes/plan/dream实现希望/计划/梦想;realize the truth of the event了解时间真相

  D. give:给予

  补充:foster是一个多义词,除了促进,还表示培养、培育、照顾、抚养(不属于自己的孩子), 如:foster mother养母;foster parents养父母。

  请见教材上一道原题:

  Government(政府) health campaigns(健康运动) have fostered (培养)an awareness(意识) of the dangers(危险,危害性) in certain social habits (某些社会习惯).

  A. included(包括) B. discovered(发现)

  C. cultivated (培养、养成, 种植庄稼,陶冶情操)

  D. discouraged:使某人泄气,失去信心,反义词:encourage:鼓励,请注意dis-是一个常见的反义前缀。

  12.There is a growing(不断增加的) gap(n 缺口、裂口、) between the rich(代表一类人,富人们) and the poor(穷人们). (answer: C)

  A. conflict:n 冲突、争执、(意见的)分歧、v冲突、抵触

  a conflict of interests利害冲突;

  B. tension: n 紧张,同义词:nervousness

  C. gulf: n 海湾、沟壑、分歧,常见搭配:gulf between A and B in sth

  There is a gulf between the husband and the wife in education of their child.

  D. confrontation: n 对抗、动词:confront.

  一般用于: confront sb with sth让某人面对(不快的或令人头疼的事情)

  有关gap,还有一个常见的表达:generation gap代沟

  13.I am very grateful(感激的) to you for your assistance(帮助). (answer: D)

  A. helpful:有帮助的,反义词:helpless, 词组:be helpful to sb

  He is always helpful to his mother.

  B. hopeful:有希望的,反义词:hopeless, 常见搭配:be hopeful of/about对。。。抱有希望,如:I am hopeful of passing the exam.

  C. pitiful: pity+ful 令人怜悯的、可怜的,反义词:pitiless: 无怜悯心的、残酷的

  D .thankful:感激的、感谢的,反义词:thankless: 不感谢的、忘恩的,常见搭配:

  be thankful to sb for sth = be grateful to sb for sth

  得出结论:同义词的常见搭配也一样,后缀-ful(充满的)和-less(少的、几乎没有的)互为反义词。(重要词根!)

  14.You will be meeting her presently(不久、立刻). (answer: A)

  A. shortly:adv马上、立刻 Ill be coming back shortly.

  B. currently: adv时下、当前,同义词组:at present = now

  She is currently in Beijing.

  C. lately: adv 最近,同义词:recently

  How have been lately?近来可好?

  D. probably: 可能地,反义词:improbably, 同义词:possibly.

  presently = shortly = soon

  15.Attitudes to mental(精神的) illness(疾病) have shifted(改变) in recent years(在近几年=lately). (answer: C)

  A. displayed: 展示、陈列某物,显示、显露 display sth to sb

  B. shown:原形show, 显示、展示,此时和display属近义词。

  C. changed:高频核心词,含义丰富,改变、更换、交换、换乘、换衣服兑换货币,等等。

  change ones idea/attitude改变主意/态度;change ones job换工作; change gear换挡; change sides改变立场; change train换乘火车;change dollars into RMB把美圆兑换成人民币。

  D. demonstrated:v 证明、论证、表明、示威游行

  16.I have been trying to(尽力) quit(停止) smoking. (answer: A)

  A. give up:停止、放弃,give up sth/doing sth, 如:

  My husband gave up smoking last year.

  B. pick up:捡起来、情况好转、通过实践学会(外语、技术)、收取某物、接人、偶然结识某人等。

  C. build up逐渐发展、增强

  D. take up:占据(时间或空间)、从事某事、

  17.Relief workers(救援人员) were shocked (震惊的、吃惊的)by what they saw(他们所看到的). (answer: C)

  A. moved:感动的 B. touched:动人的、感人的(= moved)

  C. surprised: 吃惊的,be surprised at sth.

  Im very surprised to see you here.

  D. worried: 担心的、发愁的,同义词anxious,搭配:be worried about

  He is worried about his exam.

  所以:surprised = shocked = astonished

  请见教材一道原题:

  We were shocked to find that Mary didnt know her guests name.

  A. frustrated B. disturbed(打扰的、焦虑不安的)

  C. relieved (宽慰的) D. surprised

  18.The weather is a constant (不断发生的、不变的)subject (主题)of conversation(谈话) in Britain(英国). (answer: D)

  A. question: 问题、疑问、询问,常见的搭配:an open question未解决的问题、允许公开争论的问题

  B. problem问题、难题,solve a problem解决问题;

  C. title 名称、题目、标题、头衔

  D. topic话题、主题

  19.This is not typical (典型的、有代表性的)of English, but is a feature (特点、特征)of the Chinese language. (answer: B)

  A. particular:个别的、特别的、挑剔的,如:his particular problems他的个人问题; particular importance特别的重要; shes very particular about her clothes.

  B. characteristic: 典型的,常见搭配:be characteristic of = be typical of

  C. remarkable: 不同寻常的、出类拔萃的,同义词:unusual = exceptional = extraordinary

  D. idiomatic: 来自于idiom习语、成语;idiomatic符合语言或方言的特点的

  20.It is virtually (几乎)impossible(不可能) to persuade(劝说) him to apply for(申请) the job. (answer: B)

  A. simply:简单地、仅仅 I bought the house simply because it was very big.

  B. almost几乎、差不多。 She is almost 40 years old.

  C. totally = completely = entirely 完全地、全部地

  D. completely = totally

  补充:persuade sb to do sth劝说某人做某事

  

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