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(三)第三句型:主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语
我们知道,名词可以做主语和宾语,非谓语动词 -ing和 to do也可以做主语和宾语,
作主语:
Learning a foreign language is not easy.(学门外语并不容易。)
To learn a foreign language is not easy. (= It is not easy to learn a foreign language.)
从语法角度讲,上述两个表达方式都可以。
但是,当动词处于宾语位置时,就不能这样随心所欲了,因为英语语法有以下几个规定:
1)acknowledge / admit / appreciate / avoid / consider / contemplate / defer / deny / dislike / enjoy / escape / evade / excuse / facilitate / fancy / favor / feel like / finish / give up / cannot help / cannot stand / imagine / include / keep (on) / do not mind / miss / permit / practice / regret / resent / risk / suggest 等词后面的动词宾语必须用-ing 形式,重点和首先要掌握黑体字部分。由于这些次的词义与解题关系不大,没有给出具体词义解释。若需要,请学生自己查字典解决。
这是语法考试的一个重点,要对以上词特别敏感,例如:
It is impossible to avoid ______ by the stormy weather.
A. being much affected
B. having much affected
C. to be much affected
D. to have been much affected
解题思路:1)一看到avoid一词,便可确定正确答案在A、B中; 2)affect意为影响,及物动词,故B不对。[如果做题时间来不及,此类题目若有主动语态和被动语态之分,一般选被动语态的正确率高些。]
2) remember / forget:后面既可跟 -ing, 也可跟 to do,但意思不一样:to do表示说话时还没有发生的事,-ing表示对已经发生过事的回忆,如:我昨天出门时忘了关窗了。显然是指出门时还没有做的事,因此用to do形式;我不记得以前见过你。显然是指说话以前的事,因此用 -ing形式,即:
I forgot to close the windows when I left home yesterday.
I dont remember seeing you before.
因此,除了知道这个规定外,分清发生过还是没有发生是解题的关键。
实例:
Do you remember ______ to Professor Smith during your last visit?
A. to have been introduced
B. having introduced
C. being introduced
D. to be introduced
解题思路:1)第一步要确定发生过还是没有发生,即A、D还是B、C,你记得上次访问时被介绍给Smith教授的情况吗?显然是已发生的事,选B、C;2)introduce(介绍)后没有宾语,说明是被动语态:,故选C [再看一下上一节中的 解题思路]
3)need / want / require等解释为需要时,有两种表达方式,如:
这间会客室需要打扫一下
A.This waiting room needs to be cleaned. (to 被动式)
B.This waiting room needs cleaning.(-ing主动式)
考试时若同时出现两种选择,选B
4)look forward to / object to / subject to / be subjected to / be opposed to / oppose to中的 to 是介词,后面应跟名词或动名词-ing,
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